Education Essays Deaf Students Education

Education Essays Deaf Students Education Deaf Students Education Deaf Students and Higher Education Easier Access to Higher Education for Deaf Students: An Interdisciplinary Interpretation Introduction There is a high emphasis placed on higher education in the United States today. Many jobs require future employees to have a college degree before they will even consider the applicant. Colleges and universities can be very demanding and rough for any individual to attend, and people with any handicap can find themselves in a situation that is almost impossible to finish. Deaf students that wish to follow their dream of achieving a college degree find themselves in a tough situation, not only by the demands of college life, but also because of the lack of help they receive from these facilities. Deaf students that pursue higher education should have easier access to higher educational opportunities, allowing them to obtain better control over their futures. College degrees are not easily achieved by most individuals. The success of the person has many outside influences, such as, social standing, educational level when the person enters college, and help from the college itself. â€Å"Approximately 70% of the 123,000 deaf students enrolled in 2,300 colleges across the United States will not persist until graduation† (Smith, 2005, p 1). The cause of this high rate must be considered by many different facts as well as different disciplines. Is the educational level of deaf students lacking in some way that causes them not to be ready for school after secondary schools? Are the colleges / universities helping in everyway so these students can achieve their goals? Does society treat these students less significant that hearing students? To fully understand this multifaceted issue, more than one discipline needs to be looked at because one discipline will not lead to a resolution, thus an interdisciplinary interpretation must be used (Repko, 2005). Many disciplines could help explain the cause for so many deaf students not reaching college graduation. Biology could explain set backs deaf children face, such as, were they born deaf or did they lose their hearing at an early age that cause these children difficulties in development. History could be looked at for how deaf people where treated in the past, and see if the stereotypes and stigmas that were present back then still existence today. Psychology should be used to help understand the deaf students and their goals for their life. Sociology looks at how deaf people are treated in the society they live in. Education could help explain if deaf student graduate high school with the knowledge they should have learned throughout their primary education years or if the student fell behind and still continued on to high school graduation. Education, sociology, and psychology will have more of an impact on the planning that will help more deaf students achieve their goal of reaching college graduation. Education is the process that brings together the physical, cognitive, and emotional needs of a child to help that individual develop intellectual (Nath Cohen, 2005). Sociology is the study of various groups and subgroups in a society in a society (Macionis, 2006). This discipline helps illustrate the difficulties deaf students face in the United States and will also show the view that society has about deaf people that they interact with everyday. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and how people behave in everyday situations (Nairne, 2006). This discipline could help understand the mind of the deaf student and the hardships they face daily. These three disciplines will bring many different views about why deaf students do not reach a college diploma. To fully understand the viewpoints and theories that are in each of these disciplines, a detailed review of literature from each of these disciplines will be examined and introduced to help fully understand this difficult issue. In order to help deaf student attain a college education, a system must be implemented that helps with the full range of problems that deaf students face. Deaf students not only face difficulties in education but other areas in their life that hold them back; so, these issues must be studied also. With the conclusions from education, sociology, and psychology a plan can be mapped out from grade school to college graduation that help deaf students succeed throughout all of their educational careers. Background Many deaf people do not see themselves as broken or that they need to be fixed. The opposite is closer to the truth. Deaf people see themselves as a subculture, a minority in society. They feel that American Sign Language is their first language and English is their second language, just the same way Hispanics view Spanish (Unknown, 2007). This is quite a different view point that many hearing people may have when they see a deaf person in their community. Most deaf people do not feel the need to be â€Å"cured’ from deafness and embrace their deafness as their cultural identity. This must be kept in mind when studying this issue because both, the hearing population and the deaf population, have vast differences to why this problem might be happening. Keeping this point in mind we need to look at several reasons for this dilemma. Deaf students receive the same high school diploma that hearing students do, so why does the deaf population have higher rate of dropouts than the hearing population? The typical eighteen year old deaf student reads below a fourth-grade reading level (Bollag, 2006). These students are being taught to read lips and with cued speech (hand movements around the mouth to indicate the sound of the word being spoken) and not in American Sign Language (ASL). Teaching them to read lips and with cued speech is great to develop their English skills but these students also need the access to their â€Å"native† language in order to grabs the world around them. â€Å"ASL exposes children to the world’s knowledge and it incorporates self-esteem and aspects of deaf culture. Mastering English gives them access to the richness of the English world, like Shakespeare and idioms† (Bollag, 2006). These children seem less likely to accomplish the same school work as hearing students their age, if they must first learn to read lips or cued speech, which could take years after they start school. This could be another step in implementing a way to help every deaf student succeed after they complete primary school. Accessibility to the subject content many also play a role. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990, deaf people have the right for qualified interpreter for their classes (U.S. Department of Labor, 1990). This needs a more in-depth look to see if all deaf college students are receiving this service. Qualified is loosely translated and could mean very different things to different organizations. Sign language interpreters have different levels of qualifications from state to state; therefore one state might be more lenient than others. This is a key to any deaf student’s educations and has many negative effect if the interpreter is not highly qualified. The other question about interpreters is; do they understand the course content of the classes the deaf student is enrolled in? When deaf students are taking the basic core classes most interpreters can clearly understand and convey the message of the professors. After the core curricular, more in-depth discipline classes of the major the deaf student has chosen. If the deaf student decides to major in Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, will the interpreter be able to fully understand the material and transmit that for the deaf student? This could be a very straing on both the interpret and the deaf student, which in turn could cause the deaf student to become frustrated with the course and drop out because they do not full understand. Are colleges deaf friendly? Some colleges have various programs and clubs for the student population. If only a few select deaf people are attending one univeristy the chances that they have special programs or clubs for these students are slim. Thus the deaf person may feel that they do not belong in the college world. People are social creatures and need the feeling of belonging, if deaf people do not feel this and on the extreme side feel exclused they may not want to continue their education. Another set back maybe how society views the deaf individual. Aristotle thought that hearing was the key to learning and deaf individuals that were not capable of speaking thoughts were thought to be dumb, with this the phase â€Å"deaf and dumb† arose (Hummel, 1993). This however is not the case; a minute encounter with an average deaf person will definitely disprove this theory. The sad truth is that many people today believe that this is true, and will hold on to this stereotype simply because they do not know any deaf people. There is a long history of remarkable deaf people that are not recognized by many hearing people. If this theory is false why do so many deaf people not graduate college? Society makes assumptions about every group and thus the group is stereotyped into something that, in most cases, is not true. Is this the reason why so many fail at higher education, because they have already labeled as less intelligent? The issues listed above show the star players in the education process for the deaf students. The cognitive ability of the deaf student must first be discovered. The educators in primary schools must be observed and taught the proper way to education deaf students. Then the college/universities must be examined to insure that the deaf student rights and needs are being met. Society also plays a key role into the education of deaf students; thus the stereotypes they hold need to be broken down to guarantee that the deaf students can succeed in today’s educational system. If these steps are taking the deaf student should be better able to seize their goal of graduating college. This problem needs not only to be looked at by many disciplines but with many different point of views. With this problem a debate with hearing and deaf arises, what is best for deaf individuals? Should hearing people decide what is best for the deaf child or should these decisions come from adults with hearing loss that have understanding about the deaf child experiences? If this dilemma is only looked at by one strict discipline or one point of view it could go unidentified by other professions and other individuals (Repko, 2005). Deaf students with dreams of higher education need an organization that helps with every aspect of they encounter throughout their educational careers. This organization needs to be design with the deaf student’s needs and also help educate deaf students of the government assistance/programs required under federal laws. This predicament affects many deaf students and has vastly impactions on their life. Without an education deaf people find jobs not necessary careers. This â€Å"real world problem† should be considered more broadly than one discipline can cover (Repko, 2005). In order to complete this task education, sociology, and psychology need to be explored. Education should be researched first to find better ways to help deaf students at younger ages to better prepare them for their future. Sociology should then be studied to see where the deaf students fit into society. The stereotypes of deaf people need to also be considered to inspect what needs to be altered in order for the deaf students, not to be look down on as less intelligent individuals. Psychology is the final stage of the approach because the deaf student also needs to be analyzed, in order to completely understand the full interpretation of the problem at hand. Armed with these disciplines the complete evaluation can be prepared, as a result a resolution can be achieved. Disciplinary Perspectives, Evidence, and Insights This section will present the most valuable material for discussing the topic problem. Both secondary and peer-reviewed sources may be used in this section, but, the primary sources are the most critical for the evidence from each discipline to be presented. Integration The integration for the disciplinary insights is the most significant part of the INTS paper. It is the center stage where all the actors come for the grand finale. Conclusion The conclusion will be the summary and will also mention any future research ideas or possible outcomes or consequences. References Education Bollag, B. (2006, May, 12). The debate over deaf education. Chronicle of Higher Education, 52, Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3hid=104sid=dae8a160-5873-4abe-8913-e7 Hummel, C. (1993).Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Prospects: The quarterly review of comparative education (Paris, UNESCO: International Bureau of Educaion). 23, 39-51. Nath, J., Cohen, M. (2005). Becoming a middle school or high school teacher in Texas: A course of study for the pedagogy and professional responsibilities (PPR) TExES. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth. Psychology Nairne, J. S. (2006). Psychology: The adaptive mind 4th edition. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth. Sociology Macionis, J. J. (2006). Society: The basics 8th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Smith, J. A. (2005). College is a challenge, but Ive got dreams and I know I can do it!. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Science, 65, 3590-A. Additional Sources Repko, A (2005). Interdisciplinary practice: A student guide to research and writing. Boston: Pearson. Unknown, (2007, September 21 ). Oregons deaf and hard of hearing services: Deaf culture, history and importance . Retrieved March 7, 2008, from Oregon.gov Web site: http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/odhhs/tadoc/deaf7.shtml U.S. Department of Labor, (1990). The Americans with disablilties Act of 1990. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from Employment Standards Administration Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs Web site: http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm

Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers Essay

Barriers to communication can present themselves in many diverse forms. Barriers to communication must be anticipated and avoided, by though-out communication strategies . Evaluating past communication helps see where improvement can be made. If I want to others to be open to me , I have to open myself at first. Moreover ,I have to ensure that the person I am communicating with not only hears but understands the statement I am going to make. To climate barriers in communication I have to be able to identify them and take adequate action . In case of time barriers –I am trying to spend required time for active communication without shearing all of my information hurriedly . Distraction barriers –I am fully attentive to my talk, Language barriers-I am making sure that my message is clear without too much medical words or jargon and is comprehensible . Staffing shortage –(is the most common problem in Health Care setting) as a Manager I have to ensure that right number of staff is provided for every shift . In case of lower number of staff on duty different way of communication to be used- board ,communication book ,correct handover to be given with relevant information. With the respect of cultural barriers-we are aware that everybody is different ,the care staff have to understand condition (reading care plans) and culture of the client. We are making sure that our policies are up to date and the staff received appropriate training with regard to awareness cultural and religious differences ,holistic and person –centred approach . There are many different strategies which can be used to overcome barriers to communication. One of the important one is a proper relationship with people who use the service it involves listening skills together with appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication:- -smiling –looking eye contact, gentle tone of voice, showing interest ,nodding head slightly when talking â€Å"I see†, â€Å" I understand†, â€Å"I agree†. I t is very important to build an understanding of people we work with in Social and Health Care . People very often will let you know about their preferred way of communication. All the skills of recognising and overcoming barriers to communication will be useful to avoid situation such as aggression . Reflecting listening skills  are vital in order to make the other person feel included . Empathy may come very useful. Try communicating without judging ,instead view situation and responses from the other person perspective. Make people feel welcome ,wanted and valued and appreciated in communication . If you let others know that are valued ,they are more likely to give you their best. Do not say the first thing that comes into your head but instead take a moment and pay close attention to what you say and how you say it. Focus on what you want to communicate. Always aim to communicate on an equal basis and avoid patronising people . Do not talk about the others behind their back and try not to develop favourites, by treating people equally you will build trust and respect. Encourage open and honest feedback from the receiver to ensure your message is understood . If confidentiality is an issue ,make sure its boundaries are known and ensure is maintained. Learn to troubleshoot and resolve problem and conflict as they arise . Learn how to be effective mediator and negotiator. Encourage and facilitate people to talk to each other. Try not to be judgmental but instead easy the way for conflict resolution. Maintain positive attitude and smile when things do not go to plan, stay optimistic and learn from your mistakes. Some communication scenarios ,by their nature are stressful . Stress can however be a major barrier to effective communication ,all parts should try to remain calm and focused. As often as possible speak face-to-face ,it will convey much more meaning than over the phone or through e-mail. In this busy world we are rapidly losing the art of conversation ,and mainly because we are using the wrong channel for communicating. Very crucial part of management activities are meetings . Meetings are multipurpose actually . They aim at discussing feedback and receiving feedback on the spot. Meetings involve all people working for the company as well as service users and their relatives . A successful and effective meeting is well planned if about its time, venue and agenda. They are very productive and creative ,they are giving the opportunity to everyone to present their view. Overcoming the communication barriers requires a vigilant observation and thoughts of potential barriers in a particular instance of communication . Strategies to overcome these barriers will be different in different situation depending upon the barriers present. â€Å"To listen closely and replay well is the highest perfection we are able to attain in the art of conversation â€Å"-La  Rochefoucauld.

The Inexplicable Mystery Into Essay Samples for Middle School

The Inexplicable Mystery Into Essay Samples for Middle School Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and an appropriate structure. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Think freely, but you're not permitted to think of anything else besides the topic available. If you've got the chance to choose, start with picking a topic that is suitable for within the format you've been given. It is suggested to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. You also have to pick issues that you've got a terrific interest in. Not just that but students will be in a position to access their online courses and be in a position to follow along with the lecture through powerpoints. Before embarking on the writing it is crucial that students start by evaluating the evidence both for and against the matter. After conducting an exhaustive research, an individual would imply that video games don't have a negative effect on academic performance and, on the contrary, possess the capability to enhance it as they stimulate the growth of problem-solving skills. Another last component is having the capability to draw out the advantages and disadvantages of the opposition and disprove their argument. Start at any Point You will begin to get momentum as you finish each undertaking. The scare of a massive computer crash in 1999 as a consequence of the year changing to 2000 should be evidence that most people using computers and many businesses do not have sufficient independence from computers. Women are facing challenges when they're championing for social shift. To comprehend how women are portrayed as activists, it is crucial to have knowledge on the plot of the film. Women in the film are unwavering and prepared to provide their precious aid in a dire circumstance. Likewise the family that hid Anne almost experienced many adjustments, although they were Christians. Quite often, individuals may say that war does not really change children's lives, particularly if they aren't living close to the war, or if their family isn't directly affected by it. Since you may see, war caused many children to need to change the ways they lived. Though an excellent school and great teachers are paramount to writing mastery, there are lots of methods you may help your children enjoy and enhance their writing. Help your children identify any bodily symptoms that accompany their stressors. In spite of the well-accepted belief, year-round schooling does not have any constructive effect on education. The children are somewhat more angry about this than the adults due to the fact that they wish to eat sweet foods. There's absolutely nothing wrong with the standard school year. My buddies and I have a wonderful time playing the most recent computer games having the most excitement and challenge. A significant part a youngster's life is summertime. You might earn a single drink for each week you write consistently. The Debate Over Essay Samples for Middle School The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. As you start to compose your essay, remember your reader is a person who would like to learn more about you. The very first sentence of the essay has to be interesting enough to produce the reader read on. Writing prompts are among the best methods to create confident writers who take pleasure in the practice. Essay writing per se is no simple endeavor to do. Writing an argumentative essay can occasionally be confusing as you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing. There's quite a few essays completed by them. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. It's possible for you to spot common writing problems by simply reviewing your sons' and daughters' essays and other writing homework.

Animal Welfare Act Of 1966. Before 1966, Almost Of Animals,

Animal Welfare Act of 1966 Before 1966, almost of animals, family pets as well, were being taken away by thieves and burglars because a lot of laboratories were paying others to do the messed up dirty work all so they could test on them with all sorts of chemicals. Between 1908-1973, President Lyndon B. Johnson saw this and the heard cries and sorrow of the people and didn’t agree with what was going on. On August 24th, 1966 President Johnson created a nameless act in order to ensure and protect the animals that were being wrongfully used in an inhumane way. This act ensured the safety of animals by enforcing all companies to have licenses for their practices. The animal that was put on that list are dogs, cats, hamsters, monkeys,†¦show more content†¦When 1990 came it had required public and private pounds and shelters, and research facilities licensed by the Department of Agriculture, to hold and care for any animals that were brought in until the limit of five days was passed and/or the owner hadn t come for them within that five day period or adopted. In 2002, just like the 1996 amendment which prohibited animal fighting was updated to give more benefits to the animals that were brought to this situation. Just like 1996, where it was against the law to knowingly sell, trade or use an animal that was protected by the law to be in any kind of animal fight. A little later down the road, a group of animal activists sued to overturn the regulations exclusion of birds, mice, and rats and in all, hey won the case in the federal district court in Washington D.C. four years later, it was overturned once more which led to another lawsuit from more people who were wanting the animals protected further without questions. Once the Department of Agriculture had lost, they came to an agreement of revising the rules and regulations about the animals in question. In any event, the secretary s concern with the costs of policing the treatment of birds, rats, a nd mice was viewed that the Agriculture officials lobbied in support of cutting theShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness Of Animal Protection Laws Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effectiveness of Animal Protection Laws in the United States Almost eight million dogs and cats are surrendered to local shelters each year. Of those nearly three million are euthanized in the U.S. according to the ASPCA. 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This practice has been viewed as ethical by research scientists trying to find new medical breakthroughs. Yet, in recent years, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been frowned upon by animal protection groups and animal rights activists. Animals are protected by certain guidelines and ethics prior to theirRead MoreAnimal Research : Animal Testing1711 Words   |  7 Pages11 07/31/2013 Animal Testing Imagine being poked and prodded with a needle, all to test for a new drug against bacteria. Would that be okay if the medicine being used would eventually save countless lives? This is the one of the many issues behind the debate that is animal research. Some people argue for models, taking the use of animals completely out of the research equation, while others advocate the continued use of animals, only if a standard level of care is set

Eating Disorders Deterioration Of The Mind - 1117 Words

Eating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failing organs are usually signs that someone may have bulimia. There are always key signs and factors to recognizing an eating disorder. Eating disorders are serious. We all should be aware of the affect it has on an individual, and if anyone knows or sees a person struggling with an eating disorder, outreaching and a simple hand in the right direction can save a life. Eating disorders get in the mind of an individual, then ruin the body, then finally ruin the mind. Eating disorders affect millions of men and women every day. Bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are three main types of eating disorders that can have detrimental consequences on the human body. These eating disorders not only deteriorate one’s body, but also eradicate the mind. â€Å"Inherent to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are a plethora of medical complications which correlate with the severity of weight loss or the frequency and mode of purging† (Mehler, 2015). In everyday life,Show MoreRelatedThe For The Perfect Or Ideal Body Image And The Fight Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesmany adolescence’s. Thus, following body shaming and social media have twisted and distorted the minds of young individuals causing an increasing rise in distorted eating habits and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 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Disparity Free Essays

Disparity is the state of being unequal or different in some respect. This brings to inequality being lack of equality and also the distance toward the rich and poor. Poverty is when having very little or no money and very few or no material possessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Disparity or any similar topic only for you Order Now As for development is the act of improvement meaning gaining, expanding, or enlarging. Inequality and poverty can cause a country not to develop well, unless you have a good strategy. In this case I will show you a developed country (Spain) and a under developed county (Chad). I will do this by explaining four disparities of the same for both countries. Those disparities are total population, unemployment rate, and condom use. The geographical location of Spain is in south Western Europe boarded by the Liberian peninsula and Mediterranean Sea. This does not influence the countries development because it can cause good trade with other countries which makes good business and a better economy. Their government is parliamentary monarchy and this doesn’t seem to affect their economy in any way due to the fact that the government leader is carried out by a cabinet and its chancellor who is part of legislature. Spain’s health care system seem to be running smoothly since they have a universal healthcare, which is open to everyone even tourists. As for their education system Spain is known as LOE meaning Ley Organcia De Educacion or fundamental law of education this is good for them and keeps their peoples standards highly well. Spain is a MEDC due to their seas of free trade and also tourists give them a better part of living and handling their surrounding well. Spain’s only problem would be their GDP because it has fallen and known to be as global recession this would only be there issue on improving their development. The geographical location of Chad is north central of Africa measuring at 1, 284,000 square kilometers. This seems to influence the countries development due to the fact that Chad isn’t very popular on trading and being the second largest lake in Africa. But more of the problem would be their government which is a republic voted by the people. In my opinion it seems the people do not know who to vote for anyway because of many problems they seem to be facing. One of their problems would be education, Chad does not have great educational skills and wont ever only because they need help from professionals in order to teach and make there country successful. Education might be one major fact of Chad being an LEDC, but the others would be resources and their health care system. Chad might be producing fast and more due to education not teaching them to be protected but also their health is a big problem because they do not have the great foods and proteins they need, which can cause as a result to death. In my opinion if Chad had help to start increasing their educational system then this could soon lead to actually having a good health care system and plan on having resources and good food, but one must begin to take charge soon. The first disparity I will be explaining is on the total population of Chad and Spain. Chad’s total population is 10,758,975, which seems to be high but in this case not so much due to the fact that Spain’s has a total population of 46,754,784. Chad might not have many people because of their way of living. Meaning they do not have the resources, supplies, and food they need. Every hour three people die from Chad due to one of these three economical developments that need to be improved in order for Chad to improve. As for Spain being at 46,754,784, gives them a better rate of living meaning they have good health care, resources, and food to survive with. The reason Spain is better then Chad is because they do not have the necessities that they need in order to survive. Secondly, the disparity would be unemployment rate, and this would be considered a big issue for Chad due to the fact that they do not have any unemployment rate record. The reason for this would be because it is already hard for people living in Chad to find a job and to not be unemployed means that there living status is as great either. As for Spain their unemployment rate would be 20%. So for this case they seem to be fine with the proper ages of working and those who are dependent of the workers. In my opinion to why Chad doesn’t have an unemployment rate is because in order to be unemployed you must have a job and in order to have a good job you must be educated, which Chad does not have. As for Spain though has the process of education, work, and unemployment with the cycles of ages meaning the dependents and workers. Third and final would be the use of condoms which is interesting due to Spain only using 37. 7% and Chad at 14. 3%. Spain was the most surprising because they are educated and don’t use condoms so much. While Chad is uneducated and of course hardly uses them they wouldn’t really seem notice the bad deal to it. In my opinion since Spain is more educated they should have had used the condoms and should consider them more since they know the consequences unlike Chad. In order for Chad to understand more they must make a well educational system and programs about staying protected or it can lead to diseases as well. My MEDC Spain needs to address the fact on developing a global partnership for development because they seem to have everything in order for them that they should help out others like LEDC Chad. They can do this by developing a program with many people and figure out a plan on how to bring Chad as a good country, starting with resources, medical supplies, education, ect. Now as for Chad there most important goal right now would be to achieve universal primary education because the only way to understand about condom used would be through there own basic knowledge. And to have basic knowledge you must at least some portion of knowledge within you. Chad can start to do this by making a program or at least finding some sort of help to start them off in developing into a MEDC. Spain in my opinion can help Chad by going down and making a program to start off their education needs and working skills in making a well developed country. With this it can also reduce their high record of HIV/AIDS and improve on using condoms as well into making a well balanced country. The millennium development goals have helped my LEDC Chad, but the won who started this improvement is Yokohama, Japan. Japan has helped with their economic growth rate, peace building, climate change and environmental concerns. Their theme is called â€Å"towards a vibrant Africa: A continent of hope and opportunity. † All that Japan is helping on is being broken down into a session which is a good idea to explain to all successfully in developing into a MEDC. I do think that millennium development goals are worth while because if Japan can make a difference with Chad then other MEDC’s can help other LEDC’s in becoming a well developed country. All it takes is one person to make a difference into making a new world. My final conclusions would be that Spain is well developed country that can help other LEDC’s into being a developed country. As for Chad I learned that they have many problems but all they need is help in starting to develop one step at a time like Japan is doing. This type of research is important to an IB learner because it shows us the struggles that people are having in life and to be considerate to those that need help and to explore more and learn about your basic countries information that could be interesting. Also maybe to get some ideas on actually helping out those LEDC’s into developing and living a good lifestyle that can give them food everyday and the resources they need. It is possible to reduce disparities in the world and it only takes one or a strong group of people to do it because those who make the differences strive and achieve more in life. How to cite Disparity, Essay examples

Culture of Global Virtual Teams-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Compound Culture of Global Virtual Teams and Evaluates Cultural tensions. Answer: Introduction Global Virtual Teams are virtual teams, which work together as a team, but virtually. These teams communicate through communication technology like emails, fax, video or audio conferences, and telephone calls (Gibbs, 2009). Scientific description of data from a global team of software is used to clarify the structure. Framing differences of culture in terms of non-static tensions offers a fruitful theoretical framework for fostering and understanding association across diverse time, culture and space. This report outlines the analogy of culture, for understanding the compound culture of global virtual teams and evaluates cultural tensions identifying intercultural association in work arrangements virtually (Shachaf, 2008). The focus of this report is to analyse and identify the range of communication problems or issues, team members and managers working in Global Virtual Teams are presumably face, evaluate and discuss policies or strategies that the management can implement to deal with such issues. This report covers the basic definition of Global Virtual Teams with proper introduction, characteristics that differentiate GVT with Face-to-Face Teams (F2F). The report further covers the three different problems arising for Global Virtual Teams such as communication issues, cultural diversity and geographical dispersion and the management strategies to reduce and stop these problems and issues. Global Virtual Teams Global Virtual Teams (GVTs) are groups that are (a) identified by their organizations and group members as being a team; (b) are responsible for making and implementing decisions important to the organizations strategy; (c) use technology-supported communication more than face-to-face communication; and (d) work and live in different countries (Pinjani Palvia, 2013, p. 1). According to Pinjani and Palvia (2013), Global Virtual Teams are virtual teams that are acknowledged by their team members and their organizations as being a particular team with same objectives or goals. These teams make and implement decisions, which are beneficial for the organization and organizations strategy. Global Virtual Teams use technology supported communication such as emails, phone calls, video or audio conferences, fax. They generally do not work or communicate as face-to-face teams. These teams are culturally diversified, or in other words, they live and work in various different countries. Characteristics of Gvt Global Virtual Teams are much different from Face-to-Face Teams. The main characteristics of GVTs are as follows: a) Culturally Diversified: The main characteristic of GVT is that the members of these teams are from all over the world (Dorr Kelly, 2011). These teams are culturally diversified, which means, the members of these teams work and live in various countries throughout the world. b) Virtual Teams: As the name suggests, Global Virtual Teams exist virtually. These teams generally do not come face-to-face (Hambley, ONeill Kline, 2007). This virtual nature helps them work easily without any kind of distance barrier. c) Communication: The third major characteristic of Global Virtual Teams is their communication system (Flammia, Cleary Slattery, 2010). These teams communicate regularly via technology-supported communication such as emails, phone calls, fax, audio or video conferencing. GVTs communicate to collaborate with their team members. Problems Every coin has an opposite side, which means every good thing has a bad or faulty side. Similarly, one of the most important characteristics of Global Virtual Team is their unique cultural diversity. At the same time, this particular characteristic creates a havoc problem for GVTs (Shachaf, 2008). The three major problems for Global Virtual Teams are communication issues, cultural diversity and geographical dispersion. The description of the problems is as follows: Major Problems Communication Problem for Technology Global Virtual Teams have a negative effect on intercultural communication (Daim et at. 2012). This intercultural communication has a significant positive effect or impact on decision-making. The major problem for cultural diversity is the communication problem, or in other words, the language problem (Klitmoller, Schneider Jonsen, 2015). Effective and improvised technologies for intercultural communication included fax, teleconferencing, email, with the combination of team rooms and e-meetings. Communication media is selected by the influence of cultural diversity. Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity is a challenge for such teams. Modern organizations or companies deal many significant or remarkable challenges and threats because of tempestuous and stormy environments with an extreme competitive and conflicting global economy(Klitmoller Lauring, 2013). Through the diversification in culture and wide range of ideas from members all over the world, new ideas and extremely beneficial suggestions come out, which are exceptionally favorable and advantageous for the organizations growth and development (Cagiltay, Bichelmeyer Akilli, 2015). In spite of having huge advantage, cultural diversification sometimes turns out to be a problem for Global Virtual Teams. Geographical Dispersion A particular virtual team, working for the same project in different geographical locations is known as a geographical dispersed team. Geographical dispersion is a common problem in any virtual team. The main problem for geographical dispersion is the difference in time zones (Thomas, Bostrom Gouge, 2007). Different countries have time difference, which creates a major problem in communication. Another problem in geographical dispersion is the attitude towards work. Reasons for the Problems Communication Problem for Technology The main reason for the problem of communication is language or linguistic problem. When a team member of Global Virtual Team is from France, and the other team member is from Australia, there is a high chance that there will be a language or communication problem between those two team members. It may so happen that the member from France does not know English and can only communicate in French. Similarly, the member from Australia does not know French and can only communicate in English. This can lead to a major conflict in those two members, thus affecting the whole Global Virtual Team (Klitmoller Lauring, 2013). The next reason for problem in cultural diversity is the lack of non-verbal communication. This is an extremely common problem in virtual teams. These types of teams generally do not meet face-to-face; so there is no chance of non-verbal communication or body language. Non-verbal communication is an important type of communication for any team, as sometimes team members are unable to convey their words to their fellow team members due to language problem (Lockwood, 2015). Cultural Diversity An important reason for problem of cultural diversity is the diversification of different cultures in a particular team. Different countries have different cultures. This is a major reason for the problem for cultural diversity in any virtual teams (Kayworth Leidner, 2002). The diversification of cultures of two different employees often clash between each other, which further disturbs the whole team. Another reason for problem in cultural diversity is the difference in professional etiquettes. Different cultures have different etiquettes, values, attitudes and behaviors in their workplaces. While these are beneficial and enriching in a cultural dispersed professional environment, such etiquettes can even cause ill feelings or misunderstandings between other team members. An example of such etiquette is a member does not feel appropriate or correct to leave his work place before his manager or boss leaves; at the same time, another member may be used to an eight-hours working schedu le. The first member might find the second member rude, which may create a conflict between them. Difference in working styles is another important reason for problems in cultural diversity (Au Marks, 2012). Different countries and work places have different working styles, which may seem to be wrong and inappropriate for other team members. . The next major reason for conflict in cultural diversity is the attitude towards time. It has been observed that there are two types of cultures in any team. They are monochromic and polychromic culture. Individuals, who belong to polychromic culture, have the tendency to arrive late in meetings and conferences. However, individuals, belonging to monochromic culture, have the tendency to arrive on time in conferences and meetings. This creates a major problem in any team. Geographical Dispersion The world in divided into several time zones. Each country has a different time zone from another country. It sometimes occurs that a team member is trying to communicate with another team member; but the working hour is finished for the day for that member, so he is unable to communicate with his team member. This creates a havoc conflict between those two team members. Body languages play a significant role in such cases. However, this is not possible for Global Virtual Teams as they do not meet or come across with other. Attitude and working styles towards work is sometimes different for various and different countries due to geographical dispersion. Working styles usually reflect compounding differences and cultural values and ethics. Another major reason for geographical dispersion problem is the instrumental and affective communication. Instrumental communication is the sender and goal oriented communication; whereas the affective communication is the receiver and process orien ted communication (Thomas, Bostrom Gouge, 2007). In a recent survey, it is observed that the American team members deduced some of the communication events between the Japanese to be not necessary because they were not instrumental communication. These Americans did not perceive these messages and information contained the to do component. This created misunderstanding and sometimes frustration by the American team members when the Japanese team members followed the managers on their entire organizational hierarchy for a specific and particular message. While the Japanese members emphasized on being process oriented and maintaining the relationships, the Americans felt that this particular act created conflict (Kayworth Leidner, 2002). These are the common reasons for problems in geographical dispersion in GVTs. Who says it is a Problem? Communication breakdown is a major problem in GVT. Often employees cannot communicate in languages, which are unknown to them (Daim et al., 2012). This creates a huge conflict between the employees. According to Au Marks (2012), different countries have different culture, which sometimes create problems within employees. This problem is more serious if it occurs within a virtual team. This type of team has members from all over the world, thus having a cultural diversity. According to Shachaf (2008), monochromic and polychromic culture is a problem in geographical dispersion. Another reason for problem in geographical dispersion is the difference in time zones. Management STrategies Solutions for the Problems . Problems in global virtual teams, can be solved by certain management strategies (Mukherjee et al., 2012). These management strategies help to reduce problems or even sometimes remove the problems from the team and the existing team members. The management strategies that help to reduce the problems are easy to implement and can be utilized by any organization or company for their Global Virtual Teams. The solutions to the above-mentioned problems are as follows: Communication Problem GVTs often undergo communication or language problems in global virtual teams. These types of problems, even if they occur between two particular team members, can affect the whole team, which leads to the breakdown of teams spirit and motivation towards its work and their goals are not achieved. Another major problem for cultural diversity is language problem. This particular problem can be solved by a simple management strategy. Since cultural diversity enlarges and increments the confusion, ambiguity, conflict, and complexity of communication, this diversity sets higher challenges for the team members and leaders. Culturally diverse groups reveal the lower levels of cohesion. They also show the absence of shared mental models preventing the understanding amongst team members. The most genuine characteristics of miscommunication are translation problems, less reliability in communication, and slower speech. Linguistic or language problem can be solved with the help of an interprete r (Stawnicza Kurbel, 2012). When a team member in from France and he does not know any other language except French, it can become a huge problem for other team members, who are from other parts of the world and they do not know French. Interpreters play a significant role in such cases. They translate the unknown language. Every organization should hire a translator for other common languages, so that it does not become a problem for communication for other team members. This translator is more important if the team is a Global Virtual Team, as GVT contains members from all over the world with different language backgrounds. Another important problem for cultural diversity in Global Virtual Team is the lack of non-verbal communication or body language. When a team member is unable to express or convey this words or ideas to his fellow team members due to language problem, body language or non-verbal communication plays a significant role in such cases (Nunamaker, Reining Briggs, 2009). However, Global Virtual Teams are virtual teams; they do not meet generally, so they are unable to communicate with other non-verbally. The solution to this problem is organizing video conferences, so that one team member can see the body languages of other members. Cultural diversity Culture is a multidimensional and complex construct, which is notified on several levels such as organizational, regional, national and international. A huge range of several cultural factors influences each individual such as national, organizational and international. Commonly used definitions of cultural diversity include organizational, racial, national and professional amalgamation (Zander, Zettinig Makela, 2013). Cultural diversity is defined as the amalgamation of various national cultures of team members; a team members national culture is considered that of his or her country of residence. The utilization or use of ICT or Information and Communication Technology, an intercultural workforce, and reforming or changing organizational models, which increase participation of workers have changed and altered the nature of MNC or Multi National Corporations (Vaidyanathan, Sabbaghi Debrot, 2010). This utilization of ICT is an important strategy towards solving the problems in cult ural diversity. Geographical Dispersion The major problem for geographical dispersion in GVT is the difference in time zones. The world has different and several time zones. When a team member is working in his company, it may so happen that the work time is finished for the day for another member. Communication thus becomes a huge problem in this case. The strategy or solution for this particular problem is using emails instead of video or audio conferences (Noll, Beecham Richardson, 2010). Emails can be read even after office hours but video and audio conferences are done during office hours. Therefore, this problem can be solved with the help of emails or fax. Reasons for the solution Communication Problem An interpreter will solve the problem of language in a GVT. He can make understand the employees, who are unable to communicate in a specific language. As soon as the employee will understand the language, he will be able to solve the communication issue with the rest of the teams, so an interpreter is extremely important for any organization (Cagiltay, Bichelmeyer Akilli, 2015). Another solution to the communication problem is showing body language. Video conferences show the body language of the team members, which solves the problem of miscommunication of language. Non-verbal communication is another solution to the communication problem in GVT. Cultural Diversity The main solution to solve the culture diversity problem is the utilization of ICT. This technology helps to communicate with all the team members of a virtual team amongst each other through emails, fax (Zander, Zettinig Makela, 2013). ICT reduces the cultural diversity in a global virtual team as it increases the intercultural participation in the team. The reason for this solution is that ICT even removes the language problem within the team members. Geographical Dispersion The major problem of geographical dispersion is the difference in time zones. The strategy to solve this particular problem is to communicate through emails or fax. Another problem in geographical dispersion is the attitude towards time. It is seen that in almost virtual team, two types of members are present. They are of polychromic culture and monochromic culture. People, who belong to polychromic culture always, have the tendency to arrive late in meetings or conferences; whereas people, who belong to monochromic culture, have the tendency to arrive on time. This diversification creates a problem in the team. This can be solved with perfect managerial strategy. Strict laws should be involved for being late in meetings or conferences and discussions should be there to understand why polychromic members are always late (Gibbs, 2009). These are the probable solutions or managerial strategies to reduce or remove conflicts and problems in cultural diversity in Global Virtual Teams. Who says it is a solution? The attitude or the body language of a team member often creates a confusion in the minds of other team members. This body language or attitude is mainly seen in video conferences. According to Noll, Beecham Richardson (2010), this problem can be solved by using emails, fax, phone calls and audio conferences. According to Zander, Zettinig Makela (2013), ICT can be the solution to the problem of cultural diversity in GVTs. There are always two types of members in a team. They are of monochromic and polychromic culture. Monochromic people are always on time, whereas polychromic people are always late. According to Gibbs (2009), this problem can be solved by implementing strict laws for being late in meetings and conferences and with proper discussions. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that Global Virtual Teams or GVTs are virtual teams that work together for a specific organization to attain same and similar goals. The members of these teams are distributed or dispersed all over the world and they work virtually, which means they do not meet. GVTs have cultural diversity that helps them to explore new ideas and thus having a huge and major success. 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