Barbados – Country’s Geographical Notes

Barbados island nation in the Caribbean, is situated about 100 miles (160 kilometres) east of the Windward Islands. Roughly triangular in shape, it measures 21 miles from northwest to southeast and about 14 miles from east to west, with a total area of 166 square miles (430 square kilometres). Its capital is Bridgetown, the only seaport. Barbados is not part of the Lesser Antilles, although it is sometimes grouped with this archipelago. The island is of different geologic formation; it is less mountainous and has less variety in plant and animal life. The geographic position of Barbados has profoundly influenced the island's history, culture, and aspects of its economic life. In the era of sailing ships, access to the island was difficult because of the prevailing winds from the northeast. Outward-bound ships from Europe had to gain the island while heading west, for it was difficult for them to turn and reach its shores by sailing eastward against the wind. The island remained a British possession without interruption from its settlement in the 17th century to 1966, when it attained independence. As the first Caribbean landfall from Europe, Barbados has functioned since the late 17th century as a major link between western Europe (mainly Britain), eastern Caribbean territories, and parts of the South American mainland. Because of its long association with Britain, the culture of Barbados is probably more British than that of any other Caribbean island. Since independence, however, cultural nationalism and regional awareness have tended to increase. The climate is generally pleasant. The temperature does not usually rise above 86 F (30 C) or fall below 72 F (22 C). There are two seasons: the dry season, from early December to May, and the wet season, which lasts for the rest of the year. Average rainfall is about 60 inches (1,525 millimeters) a year, but, despite the small size of the island, rainfall varies, rising from the low-lying coastal areas to the high central district. Barbados lies in the southern border of the Carribean hurricane zone, and hurricanes have caused great devastation. Barbados is densely populated. More than one-third of the population is concentrated in Bridgetown and the surrounding area. Most of the farmland is owned by large landowners or corporations. As a result, â€Å"tenantries† are as common as villages. Tenantries are clusters of wooden houses–locally known as chattel houses–located on the borders of the large estates; they are usually owned by the occupants but stand on rented ground from which they may easily be removed. Most of them have electricity and running water. The largest town is Bridgetown. In its commercial and administrative centre, multistorey buildings are altering the features of the 19th-century town. Apart from Bridgetown, Oistins, Holetown, and Speightstown are the largest towns. The population of Barbados was 257 082 in 1990. the average population density was 572 persons per sq. km (1482 per sq. mile) was notably high considering the predominantly rural agricultural character growth of population during 1970s and 1980s was kept below 1% by out-migration. The capital, largest city and only seaport is Bridgetown with a population of 6720 in 1990. About 90% of the total population black; the remaining portion is composed of whites and persons of mixed racial descent. English is the official language. More than 50% of the people are Anglicans; other important faiths include various protestant sects and Roman Catholic. Education is free to children between ages of 5 to 16yrs. Barbados has a small, market-oriented, developing economy. Services, manufacturing, and agriculture are the main productive sectors. Although Barbados had a relatively high per capita growth rate in the 1980s, unemployment, especially among the youth and women, has been a serious problem. Most of the employment is in services and distributive trades, the greater part of which has been unionized. The economy of Barbados has traditionally been dependent on the growing of sugarcane and the production of export of refined sugar, molasses and rum. Sugarcane is grown principally on large estates rather than on the small farms. The annual harvest is in the early 1990s totalled about 600000 metric tons. Local industries manufacturing clothing, furniture, electrical and electronic equipment and plastic items. Newly discovered reserves of petroleum and natural gas are being exploited. Fishing has also increased the importance. Tourists' facilities have earned more foreign revenue than sugar products. The table below shows the origin of tourists to Barbados, the number of tourists visiting Barbados and the average GNP of tourists visiting Barbados ($US). The table below is refers to the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados from West Indies and South America? COUNTRY NO. OF TOURISTS TO BARBADOS AVERAGE GNO OF TOURISTS IN $US CANADA 65600 17936 SOUTH AMERICA 3500 3087 USA 170800 16664 UK 101200 11903 WEST EUROPE 33700 13333 WEST INDIES 64300 2798 Climate Figures For London The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism To Barbados Barbados has many white sandy beaches and the beautiful sun, which often attracts holidaymakers. But the holidaymakers also bring many disadvantages to the country. The advantages and disadvantages are listed below in two categories. ADVANTAGES * When holidaymakers arrive the country often needs employees to work in hotels. E.G. waiters/waitresses, cleaners, bar attendants etc. * The country employs 15000 people. * Holidaymakers create other jobs such as in garages, factories, taxi drivers etc. * Tourism has encouraged the development of facilities which benefit the whole community. a) a deep water harbour b) an airport terminal c) a better road network d) an improvement in water supply, sewage, disposal, electricity. * Fisherman benefit as there is more fish needed to please tourist so the fisherman receive more money. DISADVANTAGES * Jobs have to shed labour at slack periods (Sep / Oct and May / June). * Cost was expensive to establish because of the need to import foreign manufactured goods such as vehicles and furniture. * Cost loses income for the country because a) food and manufactured goods still have to be imported, b) many hotels are foreign owned. The government is now trying to rectify by building hotels itself and encouraging local people tourists apartments. * Tourism has an effect upon agriculture by depressing it by draining it of workers. * The country loses money due to having the need to import goods such as Beef from New Zealand and Los Angeles. * Economy is dependent upon conditions elsewhere- recession in North America and Europe caused tourist numbers to fall by 5% in 1981. * Low moral standards in the tourists can have a bad effect on communities such as alcohol abuse and prostitution. * Tourist industries have affected land beach and sea resources. It is also responsible for increase in pollution on both land and sea. IS TOURISM HELPING BARBADOS? It's very difficult question to answer whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. So to answer this question I had divided it into two categories â€Å"Positive† and â€Å"Negative. After considering all the points it will be easier to decide whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. â€Å"Positive† * because tourism brings money to island like Barbados through accommodation paid for by tourists, souvenirs sold to tourists e.g. clothes, steel drums, coral jewellery, tours organized by country's community as they drive them around by giving toured rides etc. * because tourism supplies jobs for the country's community e.g. in hotels as bar attendants, waiters/waitresses, cleaners etc., taxi drivers, fishermen/women etc. * because tourism stimulates the country's market, even providing new markets. * because tourism has provided a better communication between races and cultures. * because tourism has provided the country with enough money to produce an airport, maintain better road links and conditions, and an improvement in water supply, sewage disposal and electricity. â€Å"Negative† * because tourism has also broken up communities by bringing so many tourists into the country that the communities are being denied access to the facilities provided. * because tourism has caused a loss in money by tourists expecting foreign manufactured goods e.g. food, furniture, vehicles etc instead of buying native products. * because tourism has caused a westernizing effect on culture and social standards, which can cause differences and may even cause the community to forget its background history. * because tourism has caused the environment to change by making buildings around the beach and buildings which do not fit in with the country's environment. * because the agriculture workers have left the fields to work in hotels close to the tourists so there are not many people to work in the fields anymore. After considering this subject, I conclude that tourism has both positive and negative effects on Barbados. If tourism is not controlled, in future it will not have good effect on the country as the country will be changed i.e. there will not be clean beaches with beautiful white sand and crystal clear green sea water, beautiful palm trees or the green environment etc. this will changed by the community changing their environment to please the tourists by building more hotels and forgetting their culture. If you think carefully then you will realize that tourists are going to Barbados for its culture, its beautiful white sand and crystal green water, its green environment and of course the sun. On consideration, tourism can have benefits for Barbados- bringing employment, income and improved facilities. On the other hand it can bring pollution, destruction of the environment in order to build facilities, and can have a detrimental effect on the culture and community life. WHY DO FEWER TOURISTS TRAVEL SHORTER DISTANCES? In answering this question I have referred to table 1 on the previous page. The question asked is ‘why fewer tourists travels shorter distances to Barbados from South America and West Indies?' My opinion on the question asked by many people is that GNP in both places is low and the vast majority cannot afford to travel abroad. If the country does not have a very high GNP they will not have much disposable income after all the main expenses are paid off e.g. mortgage, taxes bills, National Insurance (N.I), pensions, and road tax ( if car is involved). South America's GNP is 3087. West Indies GNP is 2798 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). If you compare the GNP of countries like USA and the UK to that of the GNP of the countries like the West Indies and the South America you will notice that people in the USA and in the UK have much more disposable income. USA's GNP is 16664. UK's GNP is 11903 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). Another reason for answering this question is that in the West Indies and in South America the annual average climate is generally the same so the residents will not need to travel to find the sun and fine weather. WHY DO SO MANY PEOPLE TRAVEL TO BARBADOS FROM NORTH AMERICA & EUROPE? The question asked is why do so many people travel to Barbados from North America and Europe. My suggested opinion is firstly because in countries in North America and Europe usually have a higher GNP meaning after all the main expenses are paid off (stated in the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados?')they end up with enough disposable income to spend on the trips to places like Barbados. Another reason is that in places like Europe and North America the climate is too hot but there is either too little hot weather or the climate is not hot enough. There are not that many beautiful beaches like in Barbados. ‘WHY DO TOURISTS FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE TURN UP IN BARBADOS AT CERTAIN TIMES OF THE YEAR?' My suggested answer for this question is because of hot climate. At certain times in the year the sun is out and the weather is basically hot, hot and hot with a lot of sun. The months when the climate is hot and sunny is at the end of December to beginning of June. The remaining months are mainly rainy months so you wouldn't actually find many tourists around in Barbados.

Response to Intervention Essay

â€Å"Of all forms of mental activity, the most difficult to induce even in the minds of the young, who may be presumed not to have lost their flexibility, is the art of handling the same bundle of data as before, but placing them in a new system of relations with one another by giving them a different framework, all of which virtually means putting on a different kind of thinking-cap for the moment. It is easy to teach anybody a new fact†¦but it needs light from heaven above to enable a teacher to break the old framework in which the student is accustomed to seeing. † Arthur Koestler Twenty-first century educational institutions are on a research journey exploring continued models, theories, plans, strategies and so much more to bring resolve to the problems facing our schools. Many schools are facing the ills of low performance and a decline in meeting Adequate Yearly Progress. Plans and studies to improve schools academic performance are on the rise. School leadership and districts continue to explore and search for the perfect research based model that will pull them up and out of the pit of despair to a maximum and successful learning community where students master learning through engaged instructional practices. An alternative to classroom learning experiences evolving on the educational scene is Response to Intervention (RTI). Response to Intervention refers to the many ways created to assist teachers in implementing instruction through new and improved activities that will redirect low performance to successful outcomes. This program was birthed years ago out the policies established from No Child Left Behind. Response to Intervention (RTI) is a researched based model used by school systems all over the country to deter academic and behavioral failure in the educational system. Through the engagement of ‘scientifically based instructional practices’, students embrace the enhanced intervention strategies that allow them to explore educational skills with a confidence that bring successful outcomes. Response to Intervention was created to intercept the struggling performance of student at the risk of academic and/or behavioral failure. Through early detection of specific skills deficiencies, students are identified and immediate assessments are administered. Diagnosis of these deficient skills allows teachers to structure instruction to meet the specific needs of students. Strategic plans are developed to target skills deficiency and an alternative instructional plan is created. The purpose of Response to Intervention is early detection and identification of learning concerns of students and the development of an individualized plan that addresses the appropriate prescription for resolving the students’ academic or behavioral issue. In our twenty-first century learning communities, students are required to participate and are engaged in educational activities that may challenge their ability to grasp the concept in manners conducive to their learning styles. Schools are challenged to examine their methods of instruction to meet the needs of all children making them successful in all areas of academic content. A quality school is a place where students learn to think and apply knowledge to new situations, where students are involved in and excited about their learning, where students make individual gains in process and knowledge, where adults know they care about individual students, where students develop ‘I can’ attitudes and efficacy about learning, and where the type of learning that occurs prepares students for success after school (Gentry, 2006)† In our twenty-first century learning communities, administrative leadership promotes the success of its students by implementing research that is current and best practices. Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standard Two which states: A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by advocating, nurturing, and sustaining a school culture and instructional program conducive to student learning and staff professional growth. (ISLLC 2008: 2). † The application of RTI, promotes an intervention plan focused objectives that are measureable and growth results that are observed through weekly progress monitoring. The RTI model is a valuable asset to the educational community due to the programs â€Å"not specifically a special education eligibility tool, rather it is a data-based decision-making system that can be used for all students within the school. † (Wedl, 2005) The application of the various methods of scientific discoveries that support solutions to many of the educational concerns experienced by our students is imperative to their success and confidence. The following is a plan of action based on the Response to Intervention Model that will promote academic success for students lacking proficiency in their educational experiences. Students will be engaged in daily and weekly activities that will enhance their differentiated instruction. This plan is based on the specific features of the Response to Intervention Model that are crucial to the process of instruction. †¢ Tier Model 1, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, all students are engaged in instruction. Many of the academic needs of the students are met in this level. Approximately one hour and thirty minutes of direct core instruction is implemented. Teachers are engaged in developing base line data from student’s response to instruction. The data from student responses should indicate which students are responding below expected levels of proficiency and those students needing enrichment. †¢ Tier Model 2, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, every student may need the interventions of this Tier. Again, one hour and thirty minutes of direct instruction from the core curriculum instruction. An additional twenty to thirty minutes of intense instruction for targeted skills in a small group within the classroom setting. Daily and weekly progress monitoring is necessary to ensure mastery. †¢ Tier Model 3, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, students that show lack of understanding of implemented instruction and are below the level of proficiency at the Tier 2 instructional interventions level, must continue prescribed interventions. At this level of intervention, again one hour and thirty minutes of direct core instruction, and possibly an additional fifty minutes of intense instruction on targeted skills. Homogenous grouping of students in small unit is desirable. Progress monitoring is required and all the while the teacher is data bank to determine continued instruction, needs assessments, updating base-line data, student mastery, and other evaluative factors. After implementing each Tier 1 three weeks of intense interventions should follow. A new Tier is implemented after completing monitoring activities and evaluating the compiled data. Key to the success of the Response to Intervention Model is the consistent progress monitoring of the students responses to the various daily interventions. Also, due to the constant monitoring, early interception of redirecting the students’ lack of understanding, promotes the regular classroom interventions and deters the need for special education. In many cases, statistics reveal that students experience success and mastery of skills through the varied steps of RTI. According to Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standard Two, administrative leaders are responsible for establishing an atmosphere and organizational culture conducive for successful academic experiences for every child. The educational performances of our students are founded on the instructional effectiveness of a curriculum structured to strategically provide mastery through systematic, rigorous, and objective teaching. Tracking student progress through informed data is imperative to a teacher’s next step in the model. Throughout the intervention students are provided high quality instruction. Response to Intervention provides a prescriptive plan of success through intense engaged learning. The problem solving techniques and data driven instructional strategies, will provide opportunities of success. With targeted small group skills instruction as necessary for the struggling child, the experience of maximum achievement is inevitable.

A Study On A Structural Necessity Architecture Essay

Within the societal scientific disciplines the term construction besides seems have different options. At possibly the most cardinal degree, within the field, the societal scientific disciplines themselves are broken into separate subjects in an attempt to decently analyze, analyse, and categorise different types of information, therefore supplying a sense of order or construction. Yet even these divisions are inconsistent across the field. At one institute sociology and anthropology may be joined in a individual plan of survey yet at others they are wholly separate and possibly assorted with another, such as linguistics. Beyond specifying itself the societal scientific disciplines have a singular ability for classifying, reclassifying, and re-reclassifying things ( including but barely limited to race, civilization, historical periods, theoretical models, methodological analysiss, and gender ) on a regular footing. In 1978, Edward Said, in his book Orientalism, identified a really controversial division between Europe and the Orient. Since so there have been important arguments on the ground for such a division, and even if such a division genuinely existed. Janet Abu-Lughod, in 1989 wrote â€Å" Analyzing a System in Formation † , in which she agreed that there is a recognizable division between the Europe and the remainder of the universe. Indeed she suggests that there is a incorporate universe construction and it is based on a Eurocentric theoretical account which developed around the 14th century. Within societal scientific disciplines this of course raises the inquiry, is the strong accent we give to construction an unconscious affect of the Eurocentric beginning of our theoretical account? Or is construction a more permeant thought? This essay contends that while a big part of the authorship in societal scientific discipline literature is Eurocentric in beginning, the construction, and more specifically the thought of construction is non limited to European idea. Levi-Strauss ‘ thoughts of infrastructure offers a strong statement that construction, as Abu-Lughod describes it, is simply the superstructure representation of an implicit in infrastructure common throughout all human civilizations. Then before turn toing the signifier of construction in the superstructure of our modern universe system, we must inquire whether determine whether construction is needed, or instead can we gestate of a universe, or societal scientific disciplines, without construction? Finally, manners of communicating will be used to demo how construction is exhaustively embedded in our universe even when it is non perceived. InAnalyzing a System in Formation, Janet Abu-Lughod really indicates her beliefs that the current construction of societal scientific disciplines is dominated by its European beginnings. Indeed while citing others, she gives provinces that the current universe system is wholly Eurocentric. For illustration, she recognizes Immanuel Wallerstein for coining the term â€Å" modern world-system † and that Europe lead development of this system, which has lasted more than 500 old ages. ( Abu-Lughod, 4 ) She supports this contention with the plants of Fernand Braudel and Eric Wolff who describe how a euro-centered universe was established in the 14th century and was the footing for the current universe system. ( Abu-Lughod, 9 ) Indeed, she accuses Braudel of doing an â€Å" unconscious Eurocentric faux pas. † ( Abu-Lughod, 11 ) In these illustrations the thought of Eurocentrism is difficult to lose. As Abu-Lughod points out, â€Å" Before Europe becameoneof the world-economies in the twelfth and 13th centuries†¦ there were legion pre-existent world-economies. † ( 12 ) Looking at the modern system it is possibly excessively easy to see the strength of the European influence upon the system, whether in currency rates, human rights issues, or a assortment of other countries. But to state that the modern system is purely based on this influence suggests that all other systems have either been discarded or go subservient to the Euro-centric theoretical account. Yet we have merely to come in a non-European state to recognize merely how diverse the differences elsewhere remain. Surely the strong grades of European influences are felt in South Africa or India, where English is widely spoken. And similarly in Algeria and Egypt where Arabic is still the national linguistic communication but a turning per centum of the population speak French and English, severally. Yet in each instance, although they have adopted parts of the Euro-centric theoretical account, they have each molded their ain signifier. Rather than being consumed Europe they have been influenced by it. But the influence is non unidimensional, instead influences flow back and Forth between parts. The ongoing argument in France sing hijab and other spiritual symbols in public schools is declarative of the concern felt by many in France of the turning Muslim population. Likewise, the alterations in corporate leading methods over the past decennary, from individualistic to more group-oriented, reflect an inflow of new thoughts from Japan and other states in Southeast Asia. In the terminal, Abu-Lughod was at least partly right ; Europe has influenced the construction of the world-system. But the world-system, and including Europe, has been influenced by the remainder of the universe. In a similar mode, while the construction of societal scientific disciplines found its beginnings in Europe it has, particularly in recent decennaries, been strongly influenced by the remainder of the universe. The construction that remains is non a massive creative activity but instead an merger which is invariably in flux. Leading possibly to the inevitable inquiry, are we utilizing the right, or the best system? Or do we even need to make this construction? When composingThe Ritual Processin 1969 Victor Turner gave us the term ‘anti-structure ‘ . His term was non meant to connote a deficiency of construction. In â€Å" Metaphors of Anti-Structure in Religious Culture † he clarified his term stating, â€Å" †¦ the ‘anti ‘ is here merely used strategically and does non connote a extremist negativeness. † ( 272 ) He farther explains, â€Å" I do non seek the obliteration of affair by signifier. † ( 273 ) Rather than proposing non-structure, the term anti-structure is conceived as yet another portion of the whole non to the full accounted for within the bing construction ; they are two-sides of the same coin. Within societal scientific disciplines as a whole at that place ever seems to be a construction. Disciplines are broken down by topics or methods. Subjects are broken down by location or clip period. Information is so pigeon-holed into a peculiar subject within a topic under a subject. Sometimes these topics and subjects are realigned, and sometimes information is referenced in multiple topographic points, but there is consistent effort to happen a topographic point everything ; or as the expression goes, â€Å" A topographic point for everything and everything in its topographic point. † But why must everything be put in its topographic point? And is there truly a topographic point for everything? Historically, our classification systems last until something does n’t suit. After seeking legion unsuccessful ways to accommodate our theoretical account and our information we acknowledge the job and expression for a new construction ; what sociology of cognition would cal cubic decimeter a revolution of cognition. But is a construction necessary? Can we gestate of our societal scientific discipline information outside the restraints of construction? If it is possible, we do we invariably seek to develop a more accurate and/or effectual construction? One might reason that early ethnographers, such as Marco Polo and Sir Richard Francis Burton worked outside the restraints of construction. They successfully documented important information without being purely attached to a peculiar subject. Indeed such plants frequently contain a wealth of information because they include a great assortment of different types of information. In a similar mode Clifford Geertz ‘ experience as described inDeep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfightcan be viewed as working outside the constituted construction. His intended survey was, no uncertainty, sanctioned and developed along certain guidelines. However, when he allowed himself to be caught up in rabble outlook brought on by the sudden reaching of the constabulary he was non moving within the restraints of any guidelines. Indeed Geertz ‘ description of the police officer ‘s action on page 415 suggest that he was movingagainstthe established construction. When we read about the Balinese cockfight and implicit in construction is easy to individuality. Peopless are identified by originals and specific subjects are ethical motives are indicated. The analysis itself is really structured, and that is where the construction seems to fall within much of the societal scientific disciplines, particularly anthropology. In order to pass on the information to others we construction it in such as manner that it becomes relevant to our audience. Yet the existent assemblage of information, though possibly limited by a pre-defined field site and research inquiries, can be a non-structured action. In my research of the effects of nomadic communicating engineerings, I frequently find it hard to non see a construction. Due to my experience working on the mechanical side of the engineering, I frequently construction the engineerings, and thereby the people, without detecting. A adult male in a suit utilizing a Blackberry phone seems is deemed a concern adult male, while a similar adult male have oning denims and utilizing an iPhone is deemed a college pupil. Likewise, person utilizing Linux is considered more technologically savvy than person utilizing Windows or an Apple OS, irrespective of their existent competency. From a proficient position, nomadic phones require a physical web to enable communicating. Unlike a land line phone which offers interaction between to fixed points in infinite, a nomadic phone offers an tantamount interaction at two random points. Furthermore, the cellular engineerings allow for non-stationary points, significance communicators are no longer tied to a fixed location. Enabling this nomadic communicating is an substructure web kindred to Levi-Strauss ‘ infrastructure of society. This is the unseeable, underlying system which ties everything together. With nomadic phones, a cellular web must be developed and maintained. This web must let easy connexion and must be linked to other cellular webs to enable transferring of one communicator to different locations with disrupting the manner of communicating. Finally, for this method to be genuinely effectual the web must be built around the communicators and their venues ; a cellular web in an empty desert serves no intent. Developing an effectual web therefore requires consciousness of bing locations of communicators and a method of mapping that information into a cellular web. Thus a construction develops based on the demands of a community. Of class, the communicators are by and large incognizant of this web. A adult male simply dials a figure on his Mobile phone, irrespective of where he is, and his married woman replies at some other unknown and apparently unrelated location. There is no demand for the users of this system to be cognizant of its nature, however the system does be. It is really easy to look around and see merely pandemonium. We are non required to see constructions in our day-to-day life. We take the construction itself for granted, yet that does non intend it does non be. We may gestate of cases where persons move outside the construction, or in a non-structured signifier. Yet when we seek communicate these actions we do so in a structured mode. The analysis, the manner we present the information, even the really linguistic communication itself contains an in agreement upon construction which allows us to pass on. But the construction is non massive and unchanging. A changeless duologue between different influences forms and reshapes the construction. We influence others even while we are influenced. At times a certain type of construction, such as the European theoretical account may look to rule but in clip even it is seen to be influenced by others. In the terminal thought of construction is in an built-in thought throughout the universe, a nd it is merely the peculiar signifier, what Levi-Strauss called the superstructure, that is distinguishable. Bibliography Abu-Lughod, J. ( 1989 ) . â€Å" Analyzing a System in Formation. † InBefore European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Pp 3-40. Althusser, L. ( 1970 ) .Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.Retrieved on 28 Feb 10, From The Louis Althusser Internet Archive: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm. DiTornaso, N. ( 1982 ) . â€Å" ‘Sociological Reductionism ‘ from Parsons to Althusser: Associating Action and Structure in Social Theory. †American Sociological Review, 47 ( 1 ) : 14-28. Geertz, C. ( 1973 ) . â€Å" Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight. † InThe Interpretation of Cultures. London, UK: Hutchinson, Pp 412-454. Geertz, C. ( 1973 ) . â€Å" Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. † InThe Interpretation of Cultures. London, UK: Hutchinson, Pp 3-30. Goffman, E. ( 1963 ) . â€Å" Stigma and Social Identity. † InStigma: Notes on the Management of a Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Pp. 1-40. Levi-Strauss, C. ( 1958 ) . â€Å" Structural Analysis in Linguistics and in Anthropology. † Retrieved on 13 Feb 10, From The Marxist Internet Archivess: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/levistra.htm. Mintz, S. ( 1977 ) . â€Å" The Alleged World System: Local Initiative and Local Response. †Dialectical Anthropology, 2 ( 4 ) : 253-270. Nugent, D. ( 2009 ) . â€Å" Knowledge and Empire: The Social Sciences and United States Imperial Expansion. †Identities:Global Studies in Culture and Power, 17 ( 1 ) : 2-44. Trouillot, M-R. ( 1991 ) . â€Å" Anthropology and the Savage Slot: The Poeticss and Politicss of Otherness. † InRecapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. Richard Fox ( erectile dysfunction ) . Pp. 17-44. Turner, V. ( 1975 ) . â€Å" Metaphors of Anti-Structure in Religious Culture. † InDramas, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Pp. 272-300.

Porters Diamond framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Porters Diamond framework - Essay Example The porter diamond factors of competitive advantages of a nation include; the government, factor conditions, port competition, related and supporting industry as well as the demand conditions that should be applied in all organizations so as to have high competitive advantages over their competitors. However, the framework may not be applied in most organization as it does not incorporate the multinational activities. The introduction of the generalized double diamond model has led to the significant changes within the organization. This framework takes into consideration the multinational activities whereas the porters' original diamond model takes into account the traditional home-based activities. In addition the porter's diamond framework makes an explicit connection between the geographical and the international industries therefore the industries can easily access raw materials for their company and can also market their products where they can get market for their produce. Companies gain competitive advantages through getting involved in the innovative processes within their organizations. The approaches of innovation involve use of the latest technology and gaining knowledge on how to carry out the activities of an organization effectively. The innovation processes are manifested through using new product designs, new production processes, having marketing approaches as well as conducting training campaigns within the organizations. Porter Diamond framework The Porter Diamond framework was initiated by Michael Porter and is used in determining the competitive advantages of a country or a region. According to porter 1990, it states that the competitive advantage of a country is created and sustained by going through a highly localized process. However, the diamond framework determinants of countries or regions do not necessarily contribute to the success of a country. Porter analyzed the factors that contributed to the international companies' success and why they were successful than other companies .He observed that success was as a result of implementing the porters favorable national diamonds factors. The extended porter diamond factors of competitive advantages of a nation include; the government, factor conditions, port competition, related and supporting industry as well as the demand conditions (Fuss, and Waverman, 2006). These interlinked advanced factors for the competitive advantages for countries or regions in the porters' diamond framework are; Factor conditions; Porters says that the main factors of production are created but not inherited. The specialized factors of production are capital, skilled labor and infrastructure. The general use of the factors and the non-factors such as the raw materials and unskilled labor can be easily made for a company and therefore do not generate sustained competitive advan

Comparative Law and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative Law and Globalization - Essay Example Comparative law is now subject to the wave of globalisation. Lawyers around the world had predicted that the internationalization or globalisation would eventually lead to an integration of the law or unification of the legal system to a certain extent. The advent of globalisation has necessitated the governments of all countries to be more aware of the diverse set of laws existent throughout the world. Eugà ¨ne Lerminier1, the chairman of comparative legislature believed that it was inevitable that more states would eventually emerge. We are not very far from the vision of Eugà ¨ne Lerminier. Comparative law’s evolution can be traced back to the early nineteen hundreds. William Twining notes2, ‘As the discipline of law is becoming more cosmopolitan in response to the processes loosely labeled ‘globalisation’, so comparative law as a sub-discipline has been moving from a relatively marginal role, dealing with foreign relations, to a much more central role at the hub of the subject. †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢3 In 1900, Raymond Saleilles 4proposed a common law5 of civilised humanity in France. Subsequently in 1910, a fusion of the Western law and the Chinese law was proposed by the jurist Shen Jiaben6. My legal education has inculcated that legal systems are basically an integral part of social, economic and political development. No social change or change in morals and values takes place without some type of change in the Western academic legal culture. My legal education and my better understanding of legal culture have helped me in understanding the state orientated, secular positivists, top drawn North centric, unempirical and Universalist morals Western academic legal culture tends to follow. Most importantly, it is the Western style legal education that I’ve received, which helps me better relate to the morals of the Western academic legal culture.

Effects of mobile phone use on health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of mobile phone use on health - Essay Example This paper â€Å"Effects of mobile phone use on health† investigates the fast expansion in mobile technologies, ICT in education, and robotics invention. Computers play significant role in the development of digital technologies and are imposed to fast change and growth in the domain of communicating and information delivery. Developmental issues in the area of computing can be viewed from different points. Current report emphasises the relation of recently appeared mobile technology and human health. The report is important to consider due to human concern of health issues as well as governmental regard to the increased cancer cases and its possible outcome of mobile use. The report is structured in the following way: two groups of people are chosen to participate; with the help of independent experts, groups from recommendations and minister for public health research covers current issues in the development of mobile connection and its impact on cancer. The paper further de scribes the work of every group and how it helped to realize research. The first groups was used to get statistical information on the use of mobile phones and helps to indicate the expected growth of the indicator for the following periods. The group also looked at the specific technology used and mobile phone operators, as well as the advantages that mobile phones bring with them. The first group also helped to define radiofrequency radiation usage, electromagnetic compatibility, fields from mobile phone systems.... They also wanted to find out whether the side of the head at which the phone was held made any difference or whether the area in which the phone was being used was linked in any way to glioma. From the discussion and conclusion part of the paper it is needed to make an outline that there were two reports received by the results of the first and the second group study. The first report is a general overview of the mobile phone usage while the the second report is focused entirely on finding a link between mobile phones and a specific type of brain tumour. In the end, although there is no definite evidence or proof that mobile phones effect human health, both groups are correct in my view of the "precautionary approach"(Stewart et al 2000), limiting calls were possible especially amongst children. Robotics Present report presents an investigation on the invention of robots and their ability to think. The paper consists of abstract, introduction, discussion and conclusion. First, the author introduces the concept of robotics and demonstrates research group that were used for the reflection of data in the paper, then the discussion of two working groups is provided, finally the general overview of the future of robots and concluding remarks are given. The first research presented in report is called Flocking Seven Dwarf Robots. The group carried out this research in order to find out about a robots ability to learn from another one and to ultimately define their ability to work in a team. The second research group refers to A Tale of Two Filters - Online Novelty Detection. This research that was carried out was all about detecting unexpected features within an environment. The group wanted to use robots and learning

Tax competition V Tax Harmonization in an enlarged European Union Research Proposal

Tax competition V Tax Harmonization in an enlarged European Union - Research Proposal Example Some people believe tax harmonization creates unity and a level playing field, some believe its stifles competition and creates a socialist economic bloc. In this thesis I will examine both sides of the argument by looking at how the debate and policy has evolved over the years with a specific focus on how tax harmonization affects multinational corporations—whether it encourages them to invest in the EU or to pull out. Part of the basis of the European arrangement was the centralization of monetary policy. This was a huge amount of sovereignty for individual countries to give up. The assumption underlying this ceding of power by national governments really is that all economies within the European Union are created equally and the same measures for each economy are the appropriate way forward. This itself was controversial enough, but at the time left the national governments to at least set their own tax rates and compete for business by having differing corporate tax rates. This idea too soon bit the dust. Countries like France and Italy with high corporate tax rates were jealous that a country such as Ireland with a low tax rate was able to drum up so much business. They began to push for a single minimum rate across the whole of the EU. For high tax countries this levelled the playing field, but forcing more competitive countries to become less so—for low tax countries—often with much smaller economies to begin with—they had to punish companies that had come to them in the first place seeking a safe haven for investment. The simple knee-jerk logic is this: As factor mobility increases within the EU, pressure will be placed on member states to lower their tax rates on mobile factors in order to attract business. This unchecked competition will lead to a race to the bottom in which tax rates will dip so low as to threaten countries abilities to supply public goods. In response, one might argue for the necessity of strict

Energy Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Energy Issues - Essay Example It exists in many forms, such as, light, heat, electrical, kinetic, sound, thermal energy, elastic, gravitational, potential energy, mechanical energy, and many others. The fact with the energy is that it remains constant; even while transforming it into other forms. This principal is known as conservation of energy. Over time, energy is transformed and used for several purposes. For example, use of energy as fuel for transportation, use of electricity for domestic and commercial use, use of power in the industrial sector, use of nuclear power, and so many others. However, massive use of energy has created many energy issues which are affecting the environmental conditions of the globe and also affecting the human health. Some of the major energy issues would be highlighted in this reflective paper along with their affect on the environment by using daily life examples for the convenience of the readers. (Gallup, Frank Newport; 2006, p104) The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is situated in the north Alaskan coast (United States) with 80,000 kilometers of area, and has been an ongoing political controversial platform between the Democrats and Republicans since the year 1977. The question lies here is to decide whether to start drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge or not According to the researchers, this area comprises of massive oil reforms, whereas the opposing group is against this decision since it could affect the wildlife breed in this area if oil drilling is allowed by the government. According to the estimate by the USGS, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is capable enough to produce 5.7 billion to 16 billion barrels of crude oil and natural gas which could be very beneficial for the economy of the United States. But on the other hand, the security wildlife present in this area cannot be guaranteed due to the constructive drilling work for the oil reforms. This has c reated a debate between the groups and controversy for the government since the government is unable to decide whether to go in favor f the drilling or to go against it. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Oil drilling would bring many monetary benefits to the people and the economic state of the country. It would increase job opportunities, working and business opportunities for individuals and companies. It would also attract the attention of foreign investment in the region, while giving a competitive edge to the economy of the country. Nonetheless, the oil drilling would help in lowering the high oil and fuel prices for the public. Not only this, but it would also reduce the cumulative net expenditures on the

History of Modern Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History of Modern Architecture - Essay Example The postmodern structures aimed seeking meaning and expression various architectural techniques, styles, forms. In order to meet with the aims, the postmodern architecture had to reject the strict rules of the modernism movement. On the other hand the modern structures were purely based on a thrifty use of material and other aspects of postmodern architectures like ornamentation, were absent (Curtis, 1987). The functionalism of modernism movement was dull and unattractive. It compelled the postmodern architects to focus on the communicating meaning; therefore, they start quoting historic traditions of architecture and merging it with modern designing creating new meaning. The revival of columns in structures is a common example, widely practiced throughout the world. This revival was to meet the aesthetical need but to fulfill a technological requirement. Similarly, Prairie home concept was based on designing structures that match humanity and the environment. Frank Lloyd Wright was the leader of this movement, and he named this philosophy organic evolution. Prairie house plan is sweeping horizontal lines and wide open floor plans. Furthermore, the concept of Prairie is characterized with central chimney, one-story projection, and numerous small windows. His ‘Falling water’ is considered as the best example of organic architecture (Curtis, 1987). Postmodernist architecture has evolved from modernism, incorporating traditional ways of architecture through modern technology and innovations. Contrary to a formalism of the International Style of modernism, the postmodernist architecture is based traditional wit, ornamental and reference. In other words the formal styles and functional way developed during modernism is replaced by styles, collide, a form is used. Hence, postmodern architecture revitalized the centuries old traditional

The contribution of black women to the African American freedom Essay

The contribution of black women to the African American freedom struggle between 1865 and 1940 - Essay Example Gates et al. (2012; p.492) state that â€Å"political participation has been a fundamental constant in the lives of African American people† and this statement is verifiable by the great testaments of the struggle for freedom and justice that black men and women have portrayed and displayed with relentless and enduring determination in the past. Sheriff et al. (2011; p.432) observe that the beginnings of the African American struggle are outlined in the people’s quest for independence from dominance, supremacy of the other and slavery. Certainly, the role of black women in carrying this vision, guiding it towards its realization and ensuring that the struggle for independence evolves into the achievement of equality has been critical and of immense importance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of black women to the African American freedom struggle by directing specific focus towards the analysis of the period lasting between 1865 and 1940. The discussion in the succeeding sections of the paper aims to establish a critical view of the role that black women played in achieving the aims that were advanced by early writers, journalists, historians, leaders and freedom fighters between 1865 and 1940. ... The adoption of this framework throughout the progress of the analysis essentially enhances the comprehensiveness and depth of the research by suggesting that the actions of a human being cannot be understood in their entirety unless the fundamental role that various systems, entities and organizations play in dictating those behaviors and decisions is fully acknowledged and realized (Gates 2012; p.493). Therefore, in comprehending the actions of black women that were fundamentally motivated by their desire for freedom, equality and independence their intersectional positioning within the wider context of society is of the utmost importance. Consequently, by implementing the foundations of this approach the one-dimensionality and generality of exclusively assessing a single individual is removed such that the individual does not essentially depict the true story of the black women’s role in the African American struggle for freedom and the hardships they had to suffer during t he course of their journey. In accordance with the observations of this framework of analysis the foundations of black women’s historical role in the political advancement of African American agenda is said to be an amalgamation of racism and sexism (Gates 2012; p.494). Collier-Thomas and Franklin (2001; p.2) suggest that even though, stories which reflect the selfless participation of African American women in the civil rights movement have only come to light by writers and researchers in recent decades these assessments have provided a comprehensive view of the state of black women in various epochs which is indicative of their tremendous progress to the present day. The foremost aspect in the critical evaluation of the contributions of black women in the African American freedom struggle

Tanglewood Essay Example for Free

Tanglewood Essay There are thirteen strategic staffing decisions that should be identified and examined when developing a staffing plan. A change to any of these decisions can completely alter the entire staffing plan. Tanglewood department stores are a unique brand based upon how operations are handled, especially in relation to human resources and staffing. With the rate of Tanglewood’s expansion it is critically important to align all human resources policies and practices, especially those on staffing. Acquire and Develop Talent-Most operations use a â€Å"pure staffing strategy† which basically means focusing on quality and not quantity. Tanglewood should not adopt this strategy at this time. With the acquisition of stores, the focus should be on training and development to have a uniformed style of employee. This means that when staffing plans are developed they should look for candidates who are willing to learn about the company, the customers and develop skills to meet the requirements of the company. This does not mean we won’t be diverse in the hiring process but it does mean that meeting the minimum qualifications is not enough. Lag or Lead System -Tanglewood should implement and operate with the lead system. Tanglewood has no option here as people have already been acquired from the previous mergers. External or Internal Hiring-For corporate and management positions it is recommend that Tanglewood use internal hiring. This allows new managers to use their tanglewood experience to their advantage in their new role. This also works well due to our acquisitions because there may be operating procedures by the individual stores that would be beneficial to the entire company. For entry level positions, it will be necessary to hire externally. Core of flexible workforce-With the industry being retail, there will be a need to have both core and flexible workers. Core workers provided stability and help keep training costs down while for seasonal purposes flexible workers allow Tanglewood to operate effectively. Hire or Retain- Retaining employees allows Tanglewood to expand and grow because there will be experienced personnel more readily available. There must also be an effort on external recruitment to recruit talent and new personnel who may have exceptional experience with another retail outlet. National or Global- National staffing plan should be in plan; globalization leads to increased recruiting costs and has no benefit to the company. Attract or Relocate- The effort to relocate should be made, if this is unable to occur due to lack of internal candidates whom are eligible, then attracting new candidates would be necessary. Understaff or Overstaff- Tanglewood should overstaff employees with the current expansion in place. In a retail environment there will be call offs, early outs and no shows. Having staff allows tanglewood to move associates to other departments and call associates in with short notice. Hire or Acquire- There is no option as Tanglewood has recently acquired many employees. Person/Job or Person/Organization match- This should be implemented to assure new hires are able to blend into company culture and ensure customer satisfaction.

Police History Essay Example for Free

Police History Essay Starting In 1829, Sir Robert Peel began developing his theory of policing. These nine principles are as relevant today as they were in the 1800s. Peel established the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. Since Sir Robert Peel introduced his principles of policing in the early 1800s, our country has continued to follow his ideas of effective policing. Community policing is based on Peels concept of prevention. According to one of Peel’s principals, the real key for policing is The police are the people and the people are the police. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens. Sir Robert Peels first principle was that, â€Å"The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder† (Westminster Police Department, 2012) In our diverse society, it is necessary for police to understand the different cultures that make up the communities that they patrol. If police can relate to and understand the different cultures of the community, they will be able to successfully gain public approval. I believe this is important for his second two principals. â€Å"The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. † Also, â€Å"Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public†. (Westminster Police Department, 2012) Peel also felt strongly about the idea of the use of force as well. In two other principals Peel stated â€Å"The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force† and that â€Å"Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient. (Westminster Police Department, 2012) Excessive force has been a public concern and the first sign of community mistrust in the police. It can take years to gain the trust of a community and one incident to lose that trust. By providing adequate training on the use of force and having the publics trust and respect can ensure that force is only used to the extent necessary. When individuals have little or no respect towards the police, they are most likely to ignore the requests or demands of officers. This can lead to the officer having to use force in order to gain control of a situation. Peel felt that â€Å"The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. (Westminster Police Department, 2012) When police are faced with dispersing large crowds, it is necessary for the public to have the respect to follow police orders. When individuals lack trust and respect for the police, riots may occur, which can also lead to arrests, serious injuries, and even death. Sir Robert Peels principles and Community Policing go hand in hand and share the same concepts and goals in policing. One of the distinct similarities between Peels approach and Community Policing is that prevention of crimes is the number one priority. I believe that Peel felt morals played an important role in effective policing. It is important that police officers think things through and have the best interests in mind before making decisions. Peel’s principals â€Å"Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law†, and â€Å"Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary† (Westminster Police Department, 2012) Are important and should be demonstrated to earn the trust of the people in the long run and to uphold the law. The relationship between the U. S. overnment and police organizations across the United States can be analyzed in several ways. I believe that because the police organizations and the government have a close relationship in several ways. Not only are police organizations expected to follow rules from their own departments, they also must follow standard federal guidelines as well. There are federal, state and, local levels of police organizations. The federal government roles are similar to that of local and state; however there are a few differences. The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) and the Department of Homeland Security are examples. Employees of these organizations are by law, allowed to make an arrest in any county or state. Unlike local or state police organizations, these officers do not provide basic protection services or simple criminal investigations unless the local or state agency cannot control the situation (say for example a serial killer). There are some problems with the way our government controls certain things with the other agencies. For example our government ran U. S. military is being used for domestic law enforcement. Also, the federal government is taking over the training, financing and delegation of local police. This could cause many issues, removing the police from local control may not be the smartest move. The concern is arising that the federalized police have increasingly turned to violent tactics and assaults on people who have not committed any crimes. When issues like this arise, it can cause problems within local or state organizations when it comes to police procedures and the way policing is being done. If the organizations don’t feel as though they are in control, or that their problems or concerns are not being addressed properly, this may affect the quality of law enforcement. It could also cause communication issues and lapses. There is the other possibility, that some people may have the opinion that things are better with more outside control. Policing may have to change in many ways to adapt to the change in control. Conclusion In conclusion I think there can be both pros and cons to the relationship between the U. S. government and the police organizations. I also believe that Sir Robert Peel had a major effect on the policing of his time, our current police procedures, and community policing.

Soundtracks In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay

Soundtracks In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay What are the major conventions and functions of the classical soundtrack, and how have these been challenged by filmmakers and composers working outside of this tradition? Soundtrack in the movie industry terminology is a contraction of the term sound track. This is an audio recording which is created or used in the film production industry or in post production. The dialogue, the music and the sound effects in a film have their own separate tracks i.e. the soundtrack, dialogue track and the music track. This mixed together are called the composite track. It is what is heard in the film. When a film is dubbed into another language, a dubbing track is created. This is also known as an ME (music and effects) track. It contains all the sound elements without dialogue. It is later supplied by a foreign distributor in the native language of the territory. This contraction soundtrack came into the public consciousness with the coming of the soundtrack albums in the early 1950s. The movie companies first saw it as a promotional gimmick for new films. The film is a visual medium and yet also like many of the other contemporary media it happens to be audio visual. It employs sound as an integral element of the sensual experience. The image predominance stems partly from the history of films. This was so until the mid 1920s, three decades after the motion pictures were invented that the technology became developed so as to produce films with recorded soundtracks. Film with recorded sound became standard so quickly after the first largely successful film was featured with soundtrack in 1927. We will analyze the traditional use of sound. What is the purpose and the effect of sound that is added to the image pictures? We will also analyze other alternative practices that exist and how they are used in conjunction with the common approaches to sound. It is not surprising that sound has been used to reinforce the classical cinema mode. This has shaped the techniques that are dominant in cinematography and editing. Sound will often increase the sense of presence and the immediate need. To be able to achieve this sound and the image must be closely related. They work together to achieve a meaning or an effect. Images and soundtracks in the film are two components that are distinct and are usually produced in part separately from one another. Due to the fact that there has been technological growth in sound capabilities audio recording and playback have really expanded. There has therefore been a tendency of rely more on postproduction of sound work as there has been increased technological advancements in audio recording and playback. There has been therefore great necessity to create an impression that the sounds that are heard are natural and are produced by the actions and the environments that are shown by the film. To achieve t his sound effect, it will serve to increasingly enhance the intensity of the sensual effects and also promote that sense of verisimilitude. Below are some of the ways through which the sound serves these two main functions. The main sounds that make a soundtrack are three. There is the human voice, sound effects and music. Music and the sound effects are the two most applied in the production of the heightened sensory experience. In the mainstream cinema, the sound effects are designed so as to reinforce the narrative realism. They may appear to be natural but in the real sense, along with the other sound elements, they are crafted with care so as to focus attention on some particular aspects of the image or the action and also to influence the response of the viewers to them. We can therefore conclude that sound effects do support a sense of realism. The dense and accentuated sound emphasis are associated with the key actions or the settings and do not necessarily provide the natural production of the sound one would hear in such a situation. In accordance to the prevailing sound film conventions, music does not follow the prescriptions of realism in similar ways. There are conventions which have background music that do not in any ways relate to the theme of the story. We in fact always expect musical score that goes hand in hand with film as a non digetic element. The academy awards do include categories for best score. If we do employ a number of the conventions and the conventions the moviegoers have planned to respond to this in a certain way. Claudia Gorbman is cited in his seminal work (Gorbman, seminal work- unheard melodies) explaining how the background music, or rather the score serves as the signifier of emotion in the cinema. A good example of this is the melodrama. A 19th century genre is an original, as suggested by the name à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"melo-dramaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  is a play that includes music as the essential element. The orchestra would be in place to accompany the play; the drama action would be interlaced with melodies that would function almost in the same way as the emotional punctuation. Any time the dramatic action would lead to a moment of sadness, the orchestra would be brought in the break in the dialogue and underscore the effects of emotion with a melody that is appropriate. When for example the drama gets to a climatic highpoint, a melody that is dramatic would come so as to help ratchet the suspense in the place. The melodramatic importance of accompanying music is now a standard technique both in the melodramatic films and for all the genres in the classical cinema. While the crucial function may as well be to guide and also enhance the emotional responses, the scores of music will as well contribute to that sense of continuity. This is central to classical cinema. This score will indeed help to smoothen over the necessary breaks and the gaps that are in the films continuity such as including the cuts from one scene unto the next, or even a jump in story over a given period of time. Music may be used to fill in the gaps that exist; it may repeat the musical intents to inculcate into the viewer the significance and/or the connection existing between the various events. In any of the instances, when music actually serves its purpose it does not intend to draw attention back to itself. As Much as classical style of editing of this continuity system tries to make the breaks and the gaps not to be seen, the score of music of the classical narratives of the cinema attempts to remain inaudible. In the instances when music functions according to these guidelines, it is following the tradition of continuity. CW serves to distinguish between the two traditions of film sound. This tradition of continuity will adhere to the principle of classical cinema, as we have realized in the topics highlighted previously, they are dominant in every area of film: an example, as the image presence is the dominating tradition in cinematography, or the temporal and the spatial continuity as primary objectives of the editing responsibility. Sound montage on the other hand will serve to free up sound from the subservient responsibility as company to the image narrative and allows it to stand in for right of itself. Instead of merging the soundtrack to narrative flow of images, the montage approach will divide the sound and let it to speak in separation, this provides distance to the story on the film, this will offer among many other things, the opportunity for a thought that is reflective or a critical analysis on the film events. We will go through the formal details of the sound, it is important to indicate how the montage techniques will work in concert with the common culture of continuity to yield a meaning or provide emphasis without altering the basic principle of the classical cinema. The topic of sound grants an opportunity to work with some concepts that are basic of the film form. Looking at some of these cases, the concepts can actually apply to the other film elements not related to sound. These terms which are discussed here are vital for utilization in the individual sequence analyses for week two films. This term synchronous sound refers to the parts of the soundtrack that do correspond in direct proportion and spontaneously to that which is happening on the screen. One of the most common examples of this is the normal dialogue. We do see the speaker moving their lips and the thing that is being said is usually heard at the same instance at the other end of the soundtrack. This will apply also to other sources of sound as well. The door will slam and we will hear the sound, the cannon will be fired and we eventually hear the blast. Speaking strictly, voices will perhaps be synchronous sounds although we may not see the lips moving. Giving an example, soldiers in a movie of war may be shouting and also screaming at the same time as they attack the position of the enemy. We actually do see the scene from a distant position; we do understand how to connect voices to the charging of the soldiers although we do not actually see the movement of their lips. For an example, a movie concerni ng journalists, we will hear the sound of the finger movement typing on the keyboard and the film will at the same time show a scene of the reporter and topic of coverage. These are good examples of asynchronous sounds. A point out is that some analysts will prefer the differentiation of the onscreen appearance and effects and at the same time the off-screen effects. Both sides of the set is fine, however the latter suggests the way synchronous is to be used in a specific sense when we are referring to the film sound. An example, in a conversation situation, the camera may be maintained on the face of first speaker although they may have already finished their speech and the present speaker is responding in an off-screen position. The man on the camera may choose to maintain the camera on the first speaker so as to show the reaction (could be the emotional reaction) to the response that is given. Though the words of the other speaker will be heard as they are uttered in narration or speech, they will come from off the screen and will technically be in consideration asynchronous of sound. Rather than to rehash the explanation, we will refer to the instance of sound, Apocalypse Now and then let you distinguish as to whether these sounds are synchronous or asynchronous and also an example of the parallelism. Opening sequence we see Willard lying in bed and from his subjective point of view see a shot of the ceiling fan above him, while we hear the chop-chop-chop sound of helicopter blades on the soundtrack. Is this synchronous or asynchronous sound and is it an instance of parallelism or counterpoint? [You will find the answer in the larger discussion of this sequence in the essay on Apocalypse Now. One of the other important distinctions which have wide use in the film analysis is that between diegetic and the non diegetic. Diegesis usually refers to the world of the films story. For example, when Annie sings a song at a nightclub, as she does twice in Annie Hall, the songs are diegetic sound. In Do the Right Thing there are several examples of diegetic music, coming directly from the radio station or from one of the various radios or boom boxes found in the film. At times, it is even hard to distinguish when the music is diegetic and when not. But a good example of when it is nondeigetic is the opening credits sequence, where Rosie Perez dances in changing settings, costumes, and lighting to Public Enemys Fight the Power. The song is actually heard many (one)times throughout this movie, most often diegetically, however in the opening scene, it is strictly non diegetic. Looking the other hand, I think we can assume that the Doors song The End in the opening sequence of Apocalyp se Now is diegetic.

Rates of Reaction Experiment :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of Reaction Experiment INTRODUCTION This experiment is called ‘rates of reaction’, I will be partaking in this experiment to find out what factors effect the ‘rate of reaction’ between magnesium (strips) and hydrochloric acid. Each time I repeat the experiment, I will be adding 0.5 moles of hydrochloric acid and recording the volume of gas given out during the testing and record the time it takes to give the reaction needed. A reaction is taken place within the experiment because there is a collision of particles in each element. When these two elements collide with each other they form a chemical reaction ( a change which is irreversible) we know this because a gas is given of too show a change, this is why we record the amount of gas given off to show when the reactions takes place and how big of a change it has made. WORD EQUATION: Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid à   à   Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Acid CHEMICAL EQUATION Mg + 2HCl H2 + MgCl2 Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy, which the particles must have in order to react. There are five factors, which can make a difference to the rate of a reaction. *1* The surface of the element *2* Catalyst, the amount of the substance *3* The concentration of the element *4* Temperature, due the heat of the atmosphere *5* Pressure pronounced to the substance When a reaction takes place, the substances used are called reactants and the substances produced are called products. Because the amount of products being produced are increasing the number of reactants are or should be decreasing. To calculate if and how well products are increasing and reactants are decreasing we use a number of ways, we firstly find out how much of the reactant(s) is being used up and how much product(s) we are gaining from this in a set time. FORMULARS TO SOLVE THIS: *** How much reactant is being used up*** Amount of reactant being used up Reaction rate = Time taken ***How much product’s being produced in a set time*** Amount of product formed Reaction rate = Time taken A reaction can only take place when a successful collision is occurred, so for a reaction to take place two different elements have to concur with each other, this depends on the amount of atoms and energy in the two elements, this is called a successful collision. A chemical reaction can only take place when two different elements collide with each other. There are other methods to measure the rate (speed) of reaction. Precipitation: observe a marker through the solution and predict how long it takes to vanish. A change in mass: a mass balance can only be carried out during the

Essay --

NAME: Angela Ferreira †¨ STUDENT NUMBER: 543939†¨ COURSE: FVPA†¨ ASSIGNMENT: Assignment one Stuart Hall: the work of representation†¨ DUE DATE: 12 March TUTOR NAME: Amanda Mullins Plagiarism declaration†¨ I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and to pretend that it is one’s own.†¨ I have used the author date convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to and quotation in this essay from the work or works of other people has been acknowledged through citation and reference.†¨ This essay is my own work.†¨ I have not submitted this work, or a substantial portion thereof, for assessment previously.†¨ I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.†¨ I have done the word processing and formatting of this assignment myself. I understand that the correct formatting is part of the mark for this assignment and that it is therefore wrong for another person to do it for me. —————Angela Ferreira—————————- Signature†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨12 March 2014 ———————————– Date Angela Ferreira Student number: 543939FVPA ASSIGNMENT 1 STUART HALL: THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION QUESTION 1 The approach that Saussure adopted to understanding representation as a sign system is called ‘The Semiotic Approach’ or ‘Semiotics’ (HALL 1997: pg 31) Question 2 The sign The sign can take different forms such as: sounds, images, objects and so on. However, signs only really become signs when we invest meaning into them (HALL 1997: pg34). The sign consists of multiple attribute... ...the keys’, in simple- history is recorded by the victorious and those on top will filter, give access to and withhold information of their choosing.  Reference list 1) Biko, S, 1988. Some African Culture Concepts. In P.H. Cotzee et al (eds) Philosophy From Africa. London: International Thompsen publishing 2) Fritz, F. 1937. Die Judenfrage im Unterricht. Nà ¼rnberg: Der Stà ¼rmer-Abteilung Buchverlag 3) Hall, S. (ed). 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying practises. London: Thousand Oaks; New Delhi: Sage publications in association with Open University. 4)McLuhan , M. 1964. Understanding Media. McGraw-Hill: Canada 5) Peter Gabriel, Biko, 1980. real world music Ltd, EMI music publishing. Courtesy of PeterGabriel.com 6) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of current English, 1990. 8th edition. Walton street, New York, Oxford.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Essay -- Medical Science Scientific Medicine E

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is a self-limiting disease characterized by areflexia and acute progressive motor weakness of at least one limb. Other symptoms include motor weakness of the extremities and face, loss or reduction of deep tendon reflexes, decreased sensation throughout the body,ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. In severe cases respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction may occur. Respiratory failure results from the demyelination of the phrenic and intercostal nerves. Consequently, the person loses the ability to inhale and exhale. Autonomic dysfunction resulting from the demyelination of the sympathetic and vagus nerves can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, postural hypotension, and hypertension. Analysis of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) shows increased protein concentration with few cells. Other tests reveal a decreased nerve conduction velocity resulting from segmental demyelination with mononuclear cell infiltra tion. In 70% of the afflicted individuals, the symptoms of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) occur within two weeks following infection. Clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of albumino-cytological dissociation in the CSF. Following the onset, motor weakness progressively deteriorates for four weeks and may lead to respiratory failure and cardiac instability. If either respiratory failure or cardiac abnormalities occur, the patient will be placed in the intensive care unit and closely monitored. Eventually the person's condition will cease to deteriorate, and he/she will enter a plateau period of two to four weeks during which little or no change will occur. Following the plateau stage, the patient will gradually rec... ...Guillain Barre syndrome following immunisation with Haemophilusinfluenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Europ. J. Pediatrics, July 1993, 152(7): 613-614. Hartung, H. P. Immune-mediated demyelination. Ann. Neurology, June 1993, 33(6): 563-567. Hund, E. F., Borel, C. O., Cornblath, D. R., Hanley, D. F. & McKhann, G. M. Intensive management and treatment of severe Guillain-Barre syndrome. Crit. Care Medicine, March 1993,21(3): 433-446. Rostami, A. M. Pathogenesis of immune-mediated neuropathies. Pediatrics Res., January 1993, 33(1 Suppl): S90-94. Sharief, M. K., McLean, B. & Thompson, E. J. Elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann. Neurology, June 1993, 33(6): 591-596. Willison, H. J. & Kennedy, P. G. Gangliosides and bacterialtoxins in Guillain-Barre syndrome. J. Neuroimmunology, July 1993, 46(1-2): 105-112.

Leasership and Social Organization in Europe Essay

In Europe, most of the area used one main social structure. This is represented in my first pyramid. As you can see the kings are the most powerful, next come the nobles, then the knights, and finally the peasants. The box that has the word â€Å"church† in it to the side means that they had as much power as the kings and nobles. This society was based on the feudal system. It was mainly constructed for one reason, which was security. It was possible for everyone to move higher up the ranks of the pyramid. This is what most people aspired to do. England had a different social structure than this. It was made up of nobility at the top, next came the knights, then the largest class of population, the villanis, and finally the lowest class, the bordars. The two social structures were alike because they both had to do with the process of giving and keeping pieces of land to workers. The nobility played a big role in both social structures too. In the late middle ages, they wanted to centralize power so they expanded royal domain, set up systems of royal justice, organized government bureaucracies, built standing armies, and developed tax systems. This was very beneficial to Europe. These particular systems were probably in place because they were simple and easy to follow. In my opinion, I think that these social structures did work for Europe and England. I don’t think it could have been changed any better because it was already very organized and clear. Without these social structures, medieval Europe would not have been the same. Biography Social Structure in Medieval Europe. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . The Feudal Structure of the Medieval World. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Feudalism Pyramid.† Middle Ages. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . Medieval English Society. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. . Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor., Anthony Esler, and Burton F. Beers. Prentice Hall World History. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.

Review of Schechner’s Performance Theory: Approach Essay

Schechners possibleness has been one of the most prominent bases of well-educated performance theory (). From my ac chouseledgement, based on Schechners theory, in knowing to attempt/perform, Cambridge Theory seems to be the main accounting of this chapter. This theory consists of shamanism and/or classical rites that (in Schechners opinion) clearly relates to dramatic art, in step-up games, music, sports and area are quite confusable in terms of rules, time, space, objectives and non-productivity.In assumption, the rip theater comes from the Greek. According to the Greek, they are the ones who relieve oneself theater. They postulate theater as a primal religious rite for their God, Dionysus. However, this statement has not been proven exactly. only in the opposite hand, Murray states vividly about how Greek states their rites as one of the primal religious rite. It is called Sacer Ludus. In this religious rite, it consists of the dithyramb, where the horizontal surface develops into a tragedy. The other one is called phallic dances. It refers to comedy approach. As a result, this ritual connects with theater as well.It is hardly an overstatement to say that when we look back to the beginnings of European literature we find everywhere drama, and forever drama derived from a religious ritual designed to ensure the rebirth of a dead world (Murray 19619).As it is been told before, Schechner gathers several(prenominal) groups of performance. Firstly it is play, and then it comes to games, sports, theater and ritual. all(prenominal) of them has several elements time, object, non-productivity, rules and space. Each performance has its detail time. For instance, when a computerized axial tomography tells a female child that he likes her, normally the girl responds normally. But if the girl responds him longer, then it make the guy assume that the girl is in doubt. In addition, object is overly an important element. Because it defines the place set ting and character visually, therefore the audience mint tell what the play represents.For example, in a basketball game, the basketball is the important object in the game. If the basketball is located deep down the apartment, the context would be different therefore the ball isnt valuable anymore. Non-productivity is also important because every play essential be set in a budget. If not, there would be no performance. Also, theater applies rules, so does games, sports and ritual. For example, each team in soccer player must make believe 11 people, while in theater it must contain player/ operator and audience. While space, it takes different structures of place to perform, whether it is a game, ritual, sports and theater.Each space is different. For example, when you want to make a blocking during play, we must know when to come and when to go, and we must know the surpass between the other actors. Above the information, in this case, I personally agree on Murrays statement, yet I as well disagree on the thinking that theater comes from Greek. Because in my opinion ritual is a part of peoples daily lives. passel seem to make ritual as a symbolization of human being. Therefore, in order to approach people, they make a primal ritual for Dionysus and each individual.

Pride and Prejudice †review Essay

Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 to the R of all timeend George Austen and his conjoin wo art object in Hampshire, England. The ordinal child out of the seven, Jane was educated mostly at her home although she and her babe, Cassandra, were sent a style to school for some(prenominal) years when they were young. Austen wrote several sassys when she was in her teens, but her major works were compose later on in her life. presumption and Prejudice, was first publi spill in 1813. Austen began writing the fabrication in 1796 at the progress of twenty- nonpareil. The first title was originally called First Impressions. among 1810 and 1812 Pride and Prejudice was rewritten for publication. Pride and Prejudice is usually considered to be the most popular of Austens novels.This novel is mainly intimately tribe expressing both gazump and prejudice in their kinships. The main theme of the novel is marriage, which reoccurs by means ofout the story and it is marriage whi ch attracted Lydia to run humanitygle with Mr Wickham.There is pressure on women of these times to unify suitablely this is because the women need to subscribe financial safety, non for ripe themselves, but also for their families too. In this novel the most important cause of marriage for a fair sex were financially and a high affectionate position.The first line of the novel nonwithstandingifies this and explains what the novel is to the highest degree.It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possessionof a good fortune, mustiness be in want of a wife(Chapter 1)This is a wonderful introductory line written by Jane Austen to introduce and outline much of this amorous novel.There argon various reactions of Lydia issue to B accountabilityon by the white avens family as they all devote their stimulate response and thoughts.Mr. white avens is the husband of Mrs. bennet and the beginner of Elizabeth, Jane, bloody shame, dope and Lydia. He is the master of Longbourn. He has a sarcastic humor intelligent and believes his two eldest daughters sensible, while he finds his wife and younger daughters silly. He does wants to be bo on that pointd as little as contingent by his family. Even when Elizabeth warns him non to earmark alone Lydia to go to Bright wingon, he does non listen to her because he does non want to be bothered with Lydias complaints.Mrs. bennet is a different person does not really c atomic number 18 rough her daughters education. From the beginning of the novel her only obsession is to tie off her daughters to wealthy men, as she has a voracity for wealth. Her only joys precipitate from visiting others and gossip. She is a egoistical person and causes humiliation to the family imputable to her inappropriate behavior.Elizabeth bennet is the second oldest of five childs. Elizabeth is lively, smart, and intelligent. Her sustain and herself are not too different in their characteristics therefore she has a good relationship with her father and makes decisions wisely collect to her intelligence. She is not scared to express her haveings and gets along with people very well except those who think they are far more superior to her, for font Darcy in the beginning but later on through the novel Elizabeth discovers Darcy to be a fine gentleman.Jane Bennet is the eldest Bennet daughter and is considered sooner graceful by all has a good relationship with Elizabeth. She is Beautiful, adorerly, sweet, sociable, humble and noble. Jane never thinks self-aggrandisingly of anybody. grass Bennet is the triad daughter in the family, and she is more infra the influence of Lydia, kitten companys what ever Lydia does. She nucleus by Lydia dismissal off to Brighton.Mary Bennet The third oldest of the Bennet sisters, she is the most modest of the five daughters .She dislikes going out into the public, and uses her time studying instead.Lydia Bennet The youngest of the Bennet sisters, she is a self-centered girl who is the flirting kind. that she is the liveliest out of all the sisters. She is the first to get get married despite her being a young teenager. She also has similar characteristics to her incur. She doesnt really care active her family members after her marriage.The various reactions of Lydia going to Brighton are mainly ostracize. This is due to Lydias ridiculous thinking. Shes an passing self-absorbed teenager. She has a capital hobby in men and particularly officers. She begins flirting with them once they experience settled in the town and also admires and enjoys their presence, and exposes this in freely, in view of the circumstance that she has no shame. ascribable to her selfishness Lydia commits foolish acts which affect her and her report and mostly has an effect on her family. She shows a negative impression of her family by eloping with Mr Wickham mainly because she also has another four sisters who are keen to get married and th eir pass offs of doing so check diminished. She does what she likes without thinking of the consequences to come. It is like she is in a human of her own and doesnt realise the bad reputation her family is developing because of her im farm behaviour.Lydia is invited be her friend to Brighton by Mrs. Forster. Mrs. Bennet is extremely excited and pl residuumd for Lydias trip to Brighton and wished all the best for her.Mrs Bennet was riddle in her good wishes for the felicity of her daughter and astounding in her injunctions that she would not miss the opportunity of enjoying herself as much as possible(Chapter 41)Mrs. Bennet was all in all trusting Lydia to go Brighton and thought she was old and raise to take care of her self, awareness to what the entire family is going to give shortly and how it allow effect her sisters chances of marriage.Lydia begins celebrating she is thrilled, peradventure because of the reason that she will be with the presence of the regiment.Lydia Flew somewhat the house in nervous ecstasy, calling for everyones congratulations, and laughing and talking(Chapter 41)She showed this fanaticism by roaming the house in happiness. She was awareness about her sister undersurfaces feelings and how degraded she feels, alone(predicate) and neglected. quite a little doesnt understand why Mrs. Forster doesnt ask her to come to Brighton too.I cannot see why Mrs. Forster should not ask me as well as Lydia(Chapter 41) sess as mentioned before follows Lydia in what ever she does and feels as though that she should be going as well due to her close relationship with Lydia. She becomes extremely upset, expressive and is envious towards Lydia.The separation between her and her family was preferably noisy and pathetic. Kitty was the only one who shed tears but she did weep from vexation and envy.(Chapter 41)Kitty was mostly envious towards Lydia because of her trip to Brighton she was jealous and she cherished to go as much as her sist er wanted to go.. She is saddened by the fact that Mrs. Forster requests Lydia to go and not her and cant do anything about it.though I am not her particular friend. I have just as much right to be asked as she has, and more too, for I am two years older.(Chapter 41)Kitty cannot accept the fact that she will not be going and exposes her frustration.Kitty gradually becomes resentful of Lydias attention. Lydia is unaware of Kitty because of her self-centeredness. Lydia and Kitty are very similar to one another when talking about their characteristics due to this, if Kitty would have gone she would have copied Lydias interest of men, and whitethorn have also began flirting just like her sister, and short enough eloping with an officer and getting married just like Lydia. So by Kitty not going she may perhaps have been saved by the hazard she may have faced if she were to go.However, Elizabeth as the second oldest, was just aware of the situation and Lydias potential and capability, and is unhappy of what may occur if Lydia does go to Brighton.Mr. Bennet is a person who doesnt not want to be bothered by his families enigmas so as a result he does not think about the damage Lydia may cause if she goes. Mr. Bennet just wants quiet and peace by letting Lydia go perhaps he has the impression that there will be less botheration from his family.As mentioned before, Elizabeth has the said(prenominal) distinctiveness as her father and realizes that Lydia is not mature enough to go to Brighton so she tries and convince her father to think twice.If you were aware. said Elizabeth, of the very great disadvantage to us all, which must arise from the public get wind of Lydias unguarded and imprudent manner nay, which has already arisen from it, I am sure you would judge differently in the affair.(Chapter 41)Elizabeth is worried about Lydia going to Brighton and is trying her best to change her fathers mind and trying to lay over her father giving Lydia permission to g o. She also thinks that Kitty may be affected by this and points this out.In this danger Kitty is also comprehended. She will follow wherever Lydia leads. Vain, ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled (Chapter 41)Kitty follows Lydia in everything she does and Elizabeth realises this and is concerned, and mentions it. Elizabeth also expresses her frustration also by intercourse her father how the rest of the family can also be affected.Mr. Bennet is well aware of Lydia and her capabilities and her attitude towards men, particularly officers, but simply doesnt care and wants her to leave for the good of the town and possibly the family, as he mentions this to Elizabeth.We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does not go to Brighton.(Chapter 41)This quotation shows us that Mr. Bennet has no concern about his daughters and cant be bothered. He fails to complete his duties as a proper father to the family.It may have been because of him not listen to Elizabeth that the bad re putation that Lydia in brief gives to the family. This may have happened because of his immature behavior as a father. in spite of the argument between Elizabeth and her father, Lydia is still sent to Brighton. afterward sometime the situation in Longbourn improves and Kitty overcomes her emotions. by and by Elizabeth begins to have feelings for Darcy and is quite thrilled when she hears that she is going to toy him while on a trip with her aunt Mrs. Gardiner.Elizabeth arrives at Pemberley where Mr. Darcy was also. Her relationship with Darcy was improving on a regularly for the duration of her stay. She discovered what type of man Darcy actually is. She also gets to meet Georgiana Darcy the sister of Darcy. She is set up very pleasant and charming to Elizabeth by surprise. duration Elizabeth was on her trip she receives letters, one of them stating that Lydia had eloped with Mr. Wickham, she was shaken by the message and solely astonished that her sister had through such a thi ng. The emotions Elizabeth was going through make her burst in tears.She burst into tears as she alluded to it and for a few minutes could not say another word,(Chapter 46)Elizabeth is obviously in disbelief and in shock. She is worries about Lydia and the reputation and shame she have bought on the family, she must be also worried about her father feeling because it was his idea to allow Lydia to go in the first place.Lydia-the humiliation, the misery, she was bringing on them all, soon swallowed up every private care.(Chapter 46)Jane expresses her devastation and requests that Elizabeth to sound reflection as soon as possible since there is disorder and astonishment from this shameless act by Lydia. The whole family regrets sending Lydia to Brighton. M r. Bennet is going through an immensely tense steamy situation. Mr Bennet on the other hand, handles the case with ease and isnt extremely stressed compared to the rest of the family is. Kitty was told about the news and was not surprised at all, as if she was expecting it from her sister.To Kitty, however, it does not seem so totally unexpected.(Chapter 47)Jane points out this in her letter. Kitty already has negative feelings about this matter and wasnt really surprised. Elizabeth is totally overwhelmed by sad emotions mostly due to her absence and her concern for Lydia.Mr Darcy becomes aware of this situation and decides to think of a solution to the problem, as he is trying to pass water up a relationship with Lydia, this could be the chance to show he cares about her and her family and can feel the pain she is going through whilst thinking about the awful reputation that her family will have to face later on.The Bennets were completely disgraced by this and were mocked and looked bad upon by the community. However, there was still a way for the family to get rid of the reputation, which the family desperately hoped for that to happen was for Wickham to bond Lydia, as that was vital for a better a pproaching for the family, particularly the sisters as they still have to get married.Mr Darcy shortly takes action and meets Wickham, and completes Wickhams demands by give off all his debts off which then soon encouraged Wickham to decide on marring Lydia.While everyone was woebegone and disgusted by Lydias untrustworthiness and selfishness they were quite soon relieved, after hearing that Wickham was due to link Lydia. Darcys attendance was very important in this and he also deserves an immense amount of approval for doing the right thing and enlighten out the problem in which Elizabeth was going through.. The matter is soon understand and Lydia is back together along with her family. She feel high-minded that she is the first out of the five daughters to get married and her parents are very proud too especially their mother as she was excited for her daughters marriages.ConclusionPride and Prejudice is a book in which we can be taught that having pride and arrogance is n ot care to have in your individuality as a person. It destroys your status inside a community an example of this from the book is Mr Darcy, who in due course shows his authoritative qualities and changes from a disliked person to well-likedLydia is a pleasant young lady after her wedding which Mr. Darcy showed by returning the Bennets family reputation the right way by speaking and encouraging his friend Mr. Wickham to marry Lydia as soon as possibleOn the other hand, her other sister Elizabeth finds herself a man who can become a great husband for her. Mr Darcy establishes this constantly because of his support to Elizabeth and his . Mr and Mrs Bennet, Jane, Kitty and Mary are all happy for Lydia after the family come together after her marriage ceremony.. The elopement of a woman with a man was very common at that time. As we can see from Mrs Bennets reaction it is a painful experience upon the mother as well as the entire family. The whole community changes their sight about t he Bennet family due to a self-centred person mistake by Lydia.The story also gives us an image of how trifle and relationships took place during that time enabling us to compare and contrast it with the present and we can see what sort of relationships went on between the men and women of the 19th snowIt all shows that how one person and by a mistake can destroy the family and effect everyone else in the family especially the parents.